Class Starter What is the difference between arteries, veins, and capillaries? What is the atherosclerosis? What are three effects of this condition? What are the 4 parts that make up the blood?

37.2 BLOOD

Blood Basics Blood is a type of connective tissue containing both dissolved substances and specialized cells Collects oxygen from lungs, nutrients from the digestive system, and wastes from the tissues

Blood Basics Helps regulate body’s internal environment (body temperature) Can clot to repair damaged blood vessels Can fight infection

Blood Plasma Straw colored liquid made of 90% water and 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, wastes, and plasma proteins Plasma Platelets White blood cells Red blood cells

Plasma Proteins Three different types of plasma proteins Albumins Helps regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume Transports substance (fatty acids, hormones, and vitamins) Globulins Some fight viral and bacterial infections Fibrinogen Responsible for ability to clot blood

Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes Most numerous blood cell in the blood Do not contain nuclei or other organelles when they are mature Most numerous blood cell in the blood Produced in the bone marrow Transport oxygen Contains hemoglobin Iron containing protein that oxygen binds to Gives blood its color

Blood Types Each individual has a blood type that is determined by the presence or absence of proteins called antigens on the red blood cell Blood types include A blood – have the A antigen on the RBC B blood – have the B antigen on the RBC AB blood – has both the A and B antigen on the RBC O blood – does not have either A or B antigens on the RBC

Blood Transfusions When serious injury occurs and blood is needed to be injected into patient, blood types must match or be compatible If not compatible, the blood cells will react in a process called agglutination Blood cells stick together

Review Questions What makes up the majority of the blood? What the 3 plasma proteins and their function? Who can receive blood from an A blood type donor? Who can donate blood to a B blood type person? Who can receive blood from anyone? Who can donate blood to anyone?

White Blood Cells Leukocytes Produced in the bone marrow Contain nuclei Can be found outside of the circulatory system in the lymphatic system Produced in the bone marrow Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria

Platelets and Blood Clotting Platelets are cell fragments that contain clotting factor Come in contact with edges of broken vessels and begin to stick together Release clotting factor which starts the blood clotting process Thromboplastin, prothrombin, thrombin, and fibrinogen are all used in clotting blood

Break in Capillary Wall Clumping of Platelets Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin.. Clot Forms Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood.. Break in Capillary Wall Blood vessels injured.

Hemophilia Genetic disorder that results from a defective protein in the clotting pathway People cannot produce blood clots Can be treated with injections of the missing clotting factor

Lymphatic System The lymphatic system is a system of vessels, nodes, and organs that collect any fluid lost by the blood It returns this fluid (lymph) back into the circulatory system in the superior vena cava Main organs of the lymphatic system are the thymus and the spleen

Superior vena cava Thymus Heart Thoracic duct Spleen Lymph nodes Lymph vessels