C LASSIFICATION - A NIMALS Biology Miss Schwippert

A NNELIDS ( WORMS )

Transport: Moves using muscular contractions and grips with bristles called setae Closed circulatory system. Excretion: liquid waste is removed using the nephridia Respiration: oxygen is diffused across its skin (so it must stay moist) Nutrition: Heterotrophic decomposers; have a digestive system with mouth and anus Sexual reproduction (most are hermaphrodites). After exchange of sperm, cocoon of eggs is laid in the soil. Growth and Development: Hatch fully developed except for sex organs. Segments are added to the head end as they grow.

II. A RTHROPODS

Most diverse and widely successful (1.3 million species) of any phyla. Exist in every environment. Their name means, “jointed appendage.”

A RTHROPODS Transport: closed circulatory system. Can walk, swim or fly. Excretion: most use malpighian tubules Respiration: Oxygen is absorbed through openings called spiracles which lead to trachea. The trachea pass oxygen to tissues. If aquatic, use gills Nutrition: Heterotrophic with a closed digestive system with saliva, enzymes, mouth and anus Reproduction: Sexual reproduction Growth and Development: Eggs hatch into larvae/pupae then becoming adults (metamorphosis). Growth is accomplished through life by molting the exoskeleton.

III. F ISH : G ROUP OF C HORDATES THAT CONTAINS BOTH FRESH AND MARINE SPECIES (26,000 OR MORE ). A LL HAVE A SPINAL CORD, GILLS, AND INTERNAL SKELETON OF BONE OR CARTILAGE.

F ISH Transport: Cold blooded with a closed circulatory system. Oxygen is absorbed through gills. Excretion: waste excreted via urine (ammonia) and fecal matter. Salt water fish conserve water as much as possible. Respiration: Gills of a fish contain many blood vessels that absorb oxygen from the water. Lots of surface area. Nutrition : Heterotrophic Reproduction: Sexual: most lay eggs BUT some do give live birth. Growth and Development: Born as immature alevin. Grow slowly throughout life.

IV. A MPHIBIANS

A MPHIBIANS Transport: Closed digestive system with mouth, stomach, intestines, and cloaca; Closed circulatory system with a chambered heart to transport blood, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Excretion: kidneys and bladder to filter blood; waste leaves through cloaca. Respiration: Gas exchange via skin and as adults they also use lungs. This is one reason why they must stay moist. Nutrition: heterotrophic Reproduction: Sexual. Most lay eggs in or near water. Growth and Development: hatch from eggs as larvae and then undergo metamorphosis until adult stage.

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IV. M AMMALS Chordates with hair, milk produced by female and endothermic ability using sweat glands and fatty layer. Mammals also have highly developed brains.

A NIMALS Transport: 4 chambered heart with extensive network of veins, arteries, and capillaries (due to our relatively large size).

A NIMALS Excretion: Kidneys filter blood and remove waste; urine and fecal matter is excreted via urethra/anus. Respiration: Gas is exchanged in the lungs using diffusion and pressure. Lungs are fed by capillaries which carry blood to/from the heart. Nutrition: Heterotrophic; young drink milk from mammary glands in the female. Reproduction: Mammals reproduce using internal fertilization with eggs and sperm, but there are 3 groups of mammals: I. Monotremes: lay eggs II. Marsupials: live birth with pouched care III. Placental: internal development with nutrients exchanged with a placenta

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