SUMMER CLASS APRIL 15, 2011

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources.

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY the term educational technology is often associated with, and encompasses, instructional theory and learning theory. includes, but is not limited to, software, hardware, as well as Internet applications and activities.

HISTORY Educational technology in a way could be traced back to the emergence of very early tools, e.g., paintings on cave walls.

history starts with educational film (1900s) or Sidney Pressey's mechanical teaching machines in the 1920s.

DEVELOPMENT

1950s Skinners work led to "programmed instruction" focusing on the formulation of behavioral objectives, breaking instructional content into small units and rewarding correct responses early and often.

1970’s Computer-aided instruction or computer-assisted instruction (CAI) designer divides learning contents into smaller chunks of text augmented with graphics and multimedia presentation

In a more simplified form they correspond to today's "e-contents" that often form the core of "e-learning" set- ups, sometimes also referred to as web- based training (WBT) or e-instruction.

1980’s and 1990’s produced a variety of schools that can be put under the umbrella of the label Computer-based learning (CBL). Frequently based on constructivist and cognitivist learning theories, these environments focused on teaching both abstract and domain-specific problem solving.

course designer divides learning contents into smaller chunks of text augmented with graphics and multimedia presentation. Frequent Multiple Choice questions with immediate feedback are added for self-assessment and guidance.

Digitized communication and networking in education started in the mid 80s and became popular by the mid-90's, in particular through the World-Wide Web (WWW), and Forums

Computer Based Training (CBT) or Computer- based learning (CBL) focused on the interaction between the student and computer drills plus tutorials on one hand or micro-worlds and simulations on the other. Both can be delivered today over the WWW.

Computer-mediated communication (CMC), where the primary form of interaction is between students and instructors, mediated by the computer.

CBT/CBL usually means individualized (self-study) learning, while CMC involves teacher/tutor facilitation and requires scenarization of flexible learning activities.

classroom enhancement classroom enhancement

learning technologies also play a major role in full-time distance teaching videos and occasional CBT/CBL materials increased use of e-tutoring through forums instant messaging video-conferencing etc

2000’s Emergence of multiple mobile and ubiquitous technologies gave a new impulse to situated learning theories favoring learning-in- context scenarios.

Some literature uses the concept of integrated learning to describe blended learning scenarios that integrate both school and authentic (e.g., workplace) settings.

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