Would you support the federal or state government? The year is 1828. You are a senator from a Southern state. Congress has just passed a high tax on imported cloth and iron in order to protect Northern industry. The tax will raise the cost of these goods in the South and will cause Britain to buy less cotton. Southern states hope to nullify, or cancel, such federal laws that they consider unfair. Would you support the federal or state government?

What does it mean to be a nation? What might happen if some states enforce laws and others don’t ? How can Congress address the needs of different states? What does it mean to be a nation?

Regional Economies Create Differences

What is a compromise? Think of a few examples, either historically (from our class so far) or in your own lives. . .

As the United States developed economically and socially, various sections of the country grew apart Compromises between these regions attempted to create national unity These compromises had only temporary success in creating interdependent sections of the nation

Regional Economic Differences Became increasingly connected with the West Became increasingly isolated Cities stayed small Middle class was created Benefited from new technology Slow population growth Wave of immigrants arrived Benefited from the ‘American System’ Education was poor Cities grew Slavery mostly died out by 1804 Slavery flourished

Lets Evaluate! Which of these regional economic differences do you think will have the largest impact on the strength of the union going forward?

American System A federal system of roads, canals, bridges, lighthouses, and universities The purpose of these improvements was to encourage the development and interdependence of American industries A high tariff was placed on foreign goods to help American industry Resurrection of the National Bank to create a stable national currency Senators Clay (KY) and Calhoun (SC) main supporters of Madison’s plan The goal was to be financially independent and strong while uniting the nation as a whole

Tariff of 1816 British sales of iron and textiles were undercutting American made goods President Madison proposes a protective tariff North supports tariff South and West resented government intervention Clay and Calhoun persuade Congress to pass the tariff

A compromise is struck The South disliked the tariff As a compromise Congress only adopts: A renewed Nat’l Bank A protective Tariff Internal improvements were left to the states This American system while creating wealth for the United States sewed the seeds of regional difference and mistrust The South disliked the tariff Westerners opposed the national bank Northerners disliked federal expenditures on roads etc.

Create a Map You will each create a map displaying the major roads, canals and railroads built in the United States by 1840 (use p 217 for help) You must include a color coded key in the space provided

Map Analysis Base the answers to the following questions on the map you’ve created: What is the farthest west any railroad extends? What state has the most roads, railroads, and canals within its borders (total length)? What region, north, south, or west contained the most roads, railroads or canals? What (besides where roads, RRs and canals were) can you learn from your map?