3 phases _________ stage = first 2 weeks conception, ____________, formation of placenta ___________ stage = 2 weeks – 2 months formation of vital ________ and systems _______ stage = 2 months – birth bodily growth continues, _________ capability begins, brain _____multiply age of ________

Figure 10.1 Overview of fetal development

Maternal __________ Malnutrition linked to increased risk of birth complications, ___________ problems, and ______________ Maternal ____ use Tobacco, alcohol, ________, and recreational drugs _____ ________ syndrome

Maternal _______ Rubella, ________, mumps, genital herpes, ______, severe influenza Prenatal _______ care Prevention through __________

Basic Principles ___________ trend – head to foot ___________trend – center-outward __________ – gradual unfolding of genetic blueprint Developmental ______ – median age Cultural variations

__________________ __________ (1979) The ________________ and patterns of attachment SecureAnxious-ambivalent______________

Stage theories, three components progress through stages in ______ progress through stages related to _____ major __________ in development ____________ (1963) _____ stages spanning the lifespan ___________ crises determining balance between opposing polarities in personality

Figure 10.5 Stage theories of development

Figure 10.6 Erikson’s stage theory

______________ (1920s-1980s) _____________/ Accommodation 4 stages and major milestones _______________ Object permanence _______________ Centration, Egocentrism _______ ___________ Decentration, Reversibility, Conservation _________ ___________ Abstraction

Figure 10.7 Piaget’s stage theory

Figure 10.8 Piaget’s conservation task

Criticisms Piaget _________________ children’s abilities Problems with ______ theories Universality Vygotsky’s _____________ theory Are some _________ abilities innate?

_________ (1976) Reasoning as opposed to behavior _______ _______ Measured nature and progression of moral reasoning 3 levels, each with 2 sublevels _____________Conventional______________

Figure Kohlberg’s stage theory

__________________ Secondary sex characteristics Primary sex characteristics Menarche Sperm production Maturation: _____ vs. _____ Sex differences in effects of early maturation

Figure Physical development at puberty

Increasing _____________ Changes in _________ cortex

Erik _______ (1968) Key challenge - forming a sense of ______ James _________ (1988) Four identity statuses Identity ________ Identity foreclosure Identity __________ Identity achievement

___________ development ______ development Career development _________ changes Cognitive changes