Plants 7 th grade
Types of Plants Common Traits: Plants make their own food Plant cells have cell walls outside of their cell membranes Plants reproduce with a 2 part life cycle produces spores – sporophyte sex-cell producing phase – gametophyte
Types of Plants 2 main groups of plants 1. Nonvascular – have no vessels to transport materials through the plant (ex. mosses, liverworts) 2. Vascular – have vessels to transport materials through the plant
Vascular Plants Some do not produce seeds ex. ferns, club moss produce spores – small reproductive cell that can develop into adult without fusing to a cell
Vascular Plants plants that produce seeds seeds, but not flowers – gymnosperms reproduce seeds in flowers – angiosperms annuals – plants that complete life cycle in 1 growing season and then die (corn, petunias) biennials – plants that complete life cycle in 2 growing seasons perennials - plants that live through many growing seasons and produce reproductive structures each year (trees)
Needs of Plants 1. Soil Provides minerals and nutrients Anchors the plant Holds water around it Contains humus – partially or totally decayed plants and animals Best blend – sand, silt, clay and humus
Needs of Plants 2. Water Necessary for photosynthesis 80% to 90% of plant’s weight 3. Sun Helps manufacture food Helps plants grow
Needs of Plants 4. Air Clean air Carbon dioxide in photosynthesis 5. Space to grow 6. Temperature
Nonvascular Plants 3 categories of nonvascular plants 1. mosses 2. liverworts 3. hornworts
Mosses and Liverworts Lack sturdy stems Small and grow close to the ground Absorb water through diffusion and osmosis Usually live in large groups Parts: Stem = Seta Roots = Rhizoids Leaves = Scales
Mosses and Liverworts Moss – has seta, reproduce sexually and asexually, contain no real roots most familiar nonvascular plant Fragmentation (asexual) – separation of a parent plant into parts that develop into whole new plants.
Ferns and their Allies Ferns: leafy plant grow in moist areas most of the year need moisture to reproduce have rhizomes – horizontal, underground stem fronds – large divided leaves produced by rhizomes
Ferns and their Allies Fiddleheads – young fronds that are tightly coiled and look like the end of a fiddle Fern Allies – lack the stem and leaf structure of ferns but have life cycles of ferns. Ex. horsetails and club mosses Epiphytes = plants that grow on other plants for support (club mosses) All are helpful to the environment by forming soil and preventing soil erosion