Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise chapter 4 General Myology

Musculoskeletal System Skeleton –Muscles function by pulling against bones that rotate about joints and transmit force through the skin to the environment. –The skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. Skeletal Musculature –A system of muscles enables the skeleton to move. –Origin = proximal (toward the center of the body) attachment –Insertion = distal (away from the center of the body) attach-ment

Figure 4.1

Key Terms agonist: The muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement; also called the prime mover. antagonist: A muscle that can slow down or stop the movement.

Muscles of Facial Expression

Muscles of facial Expression

Masticatory muscles The massetermasseter The temporalis (the sphenomandibularis is considered a part of the temporalis by some sources, and a distinct muscle by others)temporalissphenomandibularis The medial pterygoidmedial pterygoid The lateral pterygoidlateral pterygoid

Masticatory muscles Each of these primary muscles of mastication is paired, with each side of the mandible possessing one of the four

Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor

Upper limb musculature

Figure 4.5

Posterior view of upper limb

Lower limb musculature Iliac crest. b) Anterior superior iliac spine. c) Genu of the lateral condyle (femur and tibia). d) Tibia. e) Patella. f) Tarsal cruciate ligament. g) Retinaculum musculorum extensorum inferius. h) Retinaculum musculorum flexorum. m. tensor fascia lata. fascia lata. m. gluteus medius. m. gluteus maximus. m. sartorius. m. rectus femoris. m. vastus lateralis. m. biceps femoris (long head). m. biceps femoris (short head). m. tibialis anterior. m. extensor digitorum (communis) longus. m. extensor hallucis longus. m. peroneus tertius (s. parvus). m. peroneus longus (s. primus). m. peroneus brevis (s. secundus). vagina (sheath) of the retinaculum of the peroneal (fibular) muscles retaining the tendons of peroneus longus and brevis as they cross the lateral malleolus of the ankle. m. soleus. m. gastrocnemius. m. tendon of Achilles (s. calcaneal tendon). m. extensor digitorum (communis) brevis. m. abductor digiti minimi.

Aponeuroses of abdominal muscles 21. External Obliques 22. Rectus Abdominus 23. Sheath of the straight muscle of the abdomen 31. Sartorius 32. Rectus Femoris 33. Pectineus 35. Adductor Longus Psoas Major

A fusiform B unipennate C bipennate muscles

17 The groups, layers of bodily muscles

Synovial Bursae

Synovial Bursae

Synovial tendon sheath 39. Gastrocnemius 40.Soleous 45. Fibularis Longus 41. Calcaneal Tendon 46. Inferior Retinaculum of the Extensor Muscles 44. Extensor Digitorum Brevis

What is the Synovial tendon sheath? Where the tendons cross joints, they are sheathed in thin membranes known as synovium, which provide lubrication to decrease friction

24 The groups, layers of bodily muscles

25 Section 2 The Muscles of Trunk . The muscles of back trapezius, latissimus, levattor scapulae, rhomboid muscles erector spinae (sacrospinelis) thoracolumbar fascia . The muscles of thorax 1) The extrinsic muscles pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior 2) The intrinsic muscles intercostales extrerni, intercostales interni . The diaphragm . The muscles of abdomen

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30 Section 3 The Muscles of Head and Neck . The muscles of head 1. The facial muscles 2. The masticatory muscles . The muscles of neck 1. The superficial group plytama, sternocleidomastoid 2. The hyoid muscle 1) The suprahyoid muscles digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid 2) The infrahyoid muscles sternohyoid, omohyoid; sternothyoid, thyrohyoid

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33 Section 4 The Muscles of Upper Limb

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38 Section 5 The Muscles of lower Limb

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