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Vocabulary Historians—people who study history Historians—people who study history Pre-history—the period before writing was developed Pre-history—the period before writing was developed Archaeology—Study of past societies Archaeology—Study of past societies Anthropology—study of human life and culture Anthropology—study of human life and culture

Vocabulary Artifacts—tools, paintings, pottery, weapons, buildings and household items Artifacts—tools, paintings, pottery, weapons, buildings and household items Fossils—remains of a living creature Fossils—remains of a living creature

Dating Fossils and Artifacts Radiocarbon dating Radiocarbon dating Only accurate up to 50,000 years Only accurate up to 50,000 years Thermo-luminescence dating Thermo-luminescence dating Good up to 200K years Good up to 200K years

Man Hominids Hominids Humans and other creatures that walk upright Humans and other creatures that walk upright Australopithecines Australopithecines The first hominids The first hominids

Man Hominids Hominids Humans and other creatures that walk upright Humans and other creatures that walk upright Homo erectus Homo erectus “Upright human beings” “Upright human beings”

Man Hominids Hominids Humans and other creatures that walk upright Humans and other creatures that walk upright Homo sapiens Homo sapiens “Wise human being” “Wise human being” Neanderthals Homo sapiens sapiens

Life in Paleolithic Planet Earth Paleolithic Age—Paleolithic Age— Hunted and gatheredHunted and gathered Men hunted large animals and gathered; Women gathered and hunted small animals.Men hunted large animals and gathered; Women gathered and hunted small animals. Used simple weaponsUsed simple weapons Women raised kidsWomen raised kids NomadicNomadic

Neolithic Revolution Neolithicmeans “new stone,” hence the New Stone Age Neolithic means “new stone,” hence the New Stone Age The Change a shift from a hunter-gatherer society to systematic agriculture. a shift from a hunter-gatherer society to systematic agriculture. They grew their own crops and domesticatedanimals for consumption. They grew their own crops and domesticated animals for consumption.

Neolithic Revolution Why was such a change a “revolution”? Why was such a change a “revolution”? End of the nomadic way of life End of the nomadic way of life Beginning of community Beginning of community Crops and Cattle Crops and Cattle Wheat and barley Wheat and barley Pigs, cows, goats, and sheep Pigs, cows, goats, and sheep Agriculture spread from SW Asia to SE Europe, Nile valley in Egypt to the rest of Africa, India, and then to China and the New World. Agriculture spread from SW Asia to SE Europe, Nile valley in Egypt to the rest of Africa, India, and then to China and the New World.

Neolithic Revolution Farming Villages Farming Villages Oldest are in SW Asia—Jericho Oldest are in SW Asia—Jericho Catal Hüyük, Catal Hüyük,Turkey

Neolithic Revolution Artisans Artisans As agriculture progressed, people had time to learn other skills and build non-sustaining buildings As agriculture progressed, people had time to learn other skills and build non-sustaining buildings Examples: weaponry, jewelers, religious temples, fortified buildings and walls Examples: weaponry, jewelers, religious temples, fortified buildings and walls Trade began Trade began

End of an Age The New Stone Age ended The New Stone Age ended Why? Why? With the newly found use of metal instead of stone, tools and life were made easier. With the newly found use of metal instead of stone, tools and life were made easier. Copper was used first Copper was used first Then when combined with tin they got bronze Then when combined with tin they got bronze Thus the beginning of the Bronze Age Thus the beginning of the Bronze Age

Dawn of Civilization Beginning of Civilization Beginning of Civilization def.- complex culture in which large numbers of people share a number of common elements def.- complex culture in which large numbers of people share a number of common elements Six Parts Six Parts Rise of cities Rise of cities develop in river valleys develop in river valleys because of the need of water for farming because of the need of water for farming

Dawn of Civilization Government Government to organize agriculture, defense of a city, and armies to organize agriculture, defense of a city, and armies usually monarchs (kings or queens) ruled usually monarchs (kings or queens) ruled ReligionReligion all civilizations developed a religion all civilizations developed a religion priests supervised rituals to please the gods priests supervised rituals to please the gods rulers claimed power by divine approval rulers claimed power by divine approval

Dawn of Civilization Society becomes structured Society becomes structured Classes develop Classes develop Upper class—rulers and monarchs Upper class—rulers and monarchs Free class—farmers, artisans, and craftsmen Free class—farmers, artisans, and craftsmen Slave class Slave class Advancements Advancements independent by city, sometimes spread independent by city, sometimes spread not all advanced as quickly as others not all advanced as quickly as others

Dawn of Civilization Writing Writing first used to create records first used to create records the first were numbers, then symbols the first were numbers, then symbols all societies eventually use writing all societies eventually use writing first literature came soon after first literature came soon after Art Art Building structures Building structures Temples and pyramids Temples and pyramids Paintings and sculpture Paintings and sculpture