©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Intro to USI: Three Societies on the Verge of Contact The Highlights: Arrival of Native Americans Arrival of Native Americans Early North American Cultures Early North American Cultures North America in 1492 North America in 1492 Africa up to 1492 Africa up to 1492 Europe up to 1492 Europe up to 1492

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill The Paleo-Indian Era: The First Settlers The Paleo-Indian Era: The First Settlers (15,000-10,000 years ago) –Beringia theory –Beringia challenged? –Expansion and development 1-2

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Archaic Era: Forging an Agricultural Society (10,000-2,500 yrs ago) The Archaic Era: Forging an Agricultural Society (10,000-2,500 yrs ago) –Agriculture as a primary source of life –Sedentary existence –Maize –Populations grow; urban cities 1-4

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Pre-Columbian Era: Developing Civilizations (500 BC-1492 CE) The Pre-Columbian Era: Developing Civilizations (500 BC-1492 CE) –Agricultural revolution –Trading networks develop –Hierarchical systems of status Mesoamerican Empires Mesoamerican Empires –Mayans –Aztecs –Aztec and European similarities –Why didn’t Chinese and Aztecs discover and colonize? –The Anasazi and the Mississippians Trade, building (mounds) Trade, building (mounds) 1-7

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill North America in 1492 North America in 1492 –100 million people –Diversity –Similarities Clan system/Matrilineal families Clan system/Matrilineal families Land common Land common Enslavement Enslavement Sexual Equality Sexual Equality –Regional Variations 1-10

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Economics and Religion Economics and Religion –Trade –Property was not privately owned –Nearly all thought the natural world was filled with spirits. –Past generations remained alive to guide the living Intertribal Harmony and Hostility Intertribal Harmony and Hostility –Disputes over territory, resources, rivalries –Slavery –Culture of warfare –Iroquois Confederacy 1-11

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Africa Politics Politics –Islam: spread but didn’t have a large impact on the daily lives of most West Africans –Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali Society Society –Kinship groups; rural farmers –Matrilineal; gender equality –Slavery –Religion 1-12

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Europe up to 1492 Europe up to 1492 –Feudal lords dominate land –Feudalism divides Europe linguistically and economically; stunts cultural growth –The Catholic Church Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation Decline in Church authority Decline in Church authority –Feudalism prevents growth of nation-state 1-13Europe

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Reasons for the Decline of Feudalism Reasons for the Decline of Feudalism –Expanding trading networks Growth of commerce and population Growth of commerce and population –The Crusades Increased trade Increased trade Weakened the power of European nobles; strengthened monarchical power Weakened the power of European nobles; strengthened monarchical power –Growth of Cities –The Plague –The Rennaissance 1-15

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Changes in European Society Changes in European Society –Technological –Economic –Demographic –Religious –Political –Europe sucked! –Crisis mixed with a sense of possibility 1-15