1. Notes: Chapters 1.1 & 1.2

2.  First Americans arrive as early as 22,000 years ago  Ice Age exposed a land bridge between Asia and Alaska  Around 10,000 years ago the sea rose, isolating those who crossed  People adapted according to their environment and became hunter/gatherers  Agricultural Revolution begins in Central Mexico between 10,000-5,000 years ago  Development of agriculture sparks tremendous change

3.  OLMEC: 1200-400 B.C.  ANASAZI & HOHOKAM: 250 B.C.-1400 A.D.  MAYA: 250-900 A.D.  MISSISSIPPIAN: 600-1500 A.D.  AZTEC: 1200-1500s A.D.  INCA: 1200-1533 A.D.

4. Ancient Civilizations - Pictures

5.  Native groups of North America were shaped by the environments in which they lived  Had two choices: adapt themselves, or adapt their surroundings  Thousands of different societies formed: some grew, and some disappeared  These diverse societies spread east and west throughout America

6. Native American Tribes  Kashaya Pomo – California  Kwakiutl – Northwest Coast  Pueblo – Southwest  Iriquois – Eastern Woodlands

7.  Although there were differences, there were many similarities among tribes  Vast trade routes were established and created cultural diffusion  Respect for land and nature is a major theme for Native peoples  Land was a resource that was commonly used; NO OWNERSHIP!!  Nearly all Native Americans thought of the natural world as filled with spirits  Family and Kinship were the basic socio-economic unit  A Division of Labor existed – sometimes large groups would split and then reconnect