Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 22, part 1 The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Learning Objectives Describe the structure and function of lymphatic cells, tissues and organs List the body’s nonspecific defenses and describe the components and mechanisms of each Define specific resistance and distinguish between cell-mediated immunity and antibody mediated immunity
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Learning Objectives Discuss the role of the T cell, B cell and antibodies in specific immunity Describe the origin, development, activation and regulation of normal resistance to disease Discuss the effects of stress and aging on the immune system
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 22-1 An Overview of the Lymphatic System and Immunity
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The lymphatic system Contains cells, tissues, and organs responsible for defending the body Lymphocytes resist infection and disease by responding to Invading pathogens such as bacteria or viruses Abnormal body cells such as cancer cells Foreign proteins such as toxins lymphatic system
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.1 Figure 22.1 The Components of the Lymphatic System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 22-2 Organization of the Lymphatic System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymphoid tissues and organs Lymphocytes and supporting phagocytic cells The lymphatic system consists of
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Primary function is production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes Lymphocytes must: Detect where problems exist Be able to reach the site of injury or infection Functions of lymphatic system
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lymphatic capillaries Small lymphatic vessels Major lymph-collecting vessels Lymphatic vessels include
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.2 Lymphatic Capillaries Figure 22.2a, b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.3 Lymphatic Vessels and Valves Figure 22.3a, b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Superficial and deep lymphatics Thoracic duct Cisterna chyli Right lymphatic duct Major lymph-collecting vessels
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.4a Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.4b Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.4c Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Three classes of lymphocytes T (thymus dependent) cells B (bone marrow-derived) cells NK (natural killer) cells Lymphocytes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Involves bone marrow, thymus, and peripheral lymphoid tissue B cells and NK cells mature in bone marrow T cells mature in the thymus Lymphocyte production (lymphopoiesis)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.5a-c Figure 22.5 The Derivation and Distribution of Lymphocytes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective tissue dominated by lymphocytes Lymphoid nodules Lymphocytes densely packed in areolar tissue Found in the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) Collection of lymphoid tissues linked with the digestive system Lymphoid tissue
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.6 Lymphoid Nodules Figure 22.6
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lymph nodes – function in the purification of lymph Afferent lymphatics – carry lymph to nodes Efferent lymphatics – carry lymph from nodes Deep cortex dominated by T cells Outer cortex and medulla contains B cells Lymphoid organs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.7 The Structure of a Lymph Node Figure 22.7
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Located behind sternum in anterior mediastinum Capsule Two lobes Divided into lobules, each with a cortex and medulla Cortical lymphocytes surrounded by reticular endothelial cells Maintain blood–thymus barrier Secretes thymic hormones: thymosins, thymopoietins, and thymulin The Thymus
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.8 The Thymus Figure 22.8a-c
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Largest mass of lymphoid tissue Cellular components form pulp Red pulp contains RBC White pulp similar to lymphoid nodules Spleen functions include Removal of abnormal blood cells and other blood components Storage of iron Initiation of the specific immune response The Spleen
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.9 The Spleen Figure 22.9a-c