Renaissance and Reformation Chapter 17 ( ) Megan O., Kaitlyn K., Tatiana O., Rahi P., Andrew V.

KEY TERMS :D Anglican Church Catholic Reformation Johannes Gutenberg Niccolo Macchiavelli 30 Years War Jean Calvin Jesuits Martin Luther Treaty of Westphalia Edict of Nances Protestantism

A New Spirit Francesco Petrarch was an Italian writer – One of the first of the Renaissance

Italian Renaissance Began in the 14 th and 15 th centuries Artistic movement – Humanism Focused on different subjects Realistic painting Religion less important – Economy and politics improved More armies Leaders tried to make people happier

Renaissance Moves Northward Italy no longer center (1500s) – French and Spanish invade – Trading moved to Atlantic Center moved to Western Europe (1450) – Kings were more powerful – Didn’t affect peasants – Same changes as Italy Difference: Religion did not change Francis the First Typical Renaissance Art

Leonardo da Vinci’s famous sketch

Changes in Technology and Family Westerners introduced to new inventions – Inspired by other countries European Style Family (1400s) – Late marriage age – Focus on immediate family – Less children Johannes Gutenberg

Protestant and Catholic Reformation Martin Luther (1517) – Nailed theses to Catholic church door – Widely supported – Started Protestantism Henry VIII – Anglican Church Jean Calvin – Calvinism (Switzerland) – Deism

Protestant and Catholic Reformation Continued Catholic Reformation – Catholics spoke up – Didn’t change ideas Defended – Jesuits formed Missionaries

End of Christian Unity in the West Many religious wars – France Calvinists and Catholics Edict of Nantes (1598) – Germany 30 Years War Protestants against Catholic Treaty of Westphalia (1648) – Territory tolerance – England English Civil War Gave parliament more authority Protestant tolerance in 1689 Edict of Nantes 30 Years War

English Civil War Treaty of Westphalia

End of Christian Unity in the West Continued Religion changed overall – Less belief in miracles – Less connection between God and nature – God: set up natural laws Families – Love encouraged – Women had to marry Not many other options Higher literacy – Caused by printing

Commercial Revolution More international trade Caused inflation – More loans – More trading companies – Markets began People became richer

Social Protest Increase in peasants – Called proletariat – Became country laborers or beggars – Blamed for moral failings Many revolts – Didn’t change anything – Bigger split between rich and poor

Witch Hunts Persecution began 1600s 60,000 – 100,000 people killed – Mainly beggars and women – Showed women had no rights – Poor blamed for bad things

Interesting Facts Those involved in the cultural movements in question - the artists, writers, and their patrons - believed they were living in a new era that was a clean break from the Middle Ages, even if much of the rest of the population seems to have viewed the period as an intensification of social maladies. The Renaissance has no set starting point or place. It happened gradually at different places at different times and there are no defined dates or places for when the Middle Ages ended. The starting place of the Renaissance is almost universally ascribed to Northern Italy, especially the city of Florence. One early Renaissance figure is the poet Dante (1265–1321), the first writer to embody the spirit of the Renaissance.

Overall Theme All over Western Europe, changes were happening, and the people were left to deal with the consequences