1 Hi I am Lindy and we are here to do geography and history Not that good an impression, but close-ish)

2 Our wiki I will put copies of all the documents we use But there will be other things in the wiki too – links to quizzes and games – links to interesting stuff for you to look at. There are also some other pages on this – such as Top Homeworks (fairly obvious – it is the display board that virtual classrooms do not possess!) and History in the News – every now and then, there are interesting discoveries that I add as they occur.

3 What we will be doing The year will be divided up into 5 units Unit 1: The Tudors Unit 2: The agricultural and industrial revolutions Unit 3: What is Empire? Unit 4: The coming of the Raj – all about the British in India Unit 5: Slavery

4 So for the next 7 weeks, we will be looking at Unit 1 Lesson 1 examines why the Tudor line emerged and how Henry VII managed to gain and keep power. Next we look at Henry VIII and his famous wives! We look briefly at King Edward and Queen Mary before looking at the way in which Queen Elizabeth uses spin to tell her subjects about what she wants them to think of her! Then there are 2 lessons about Tudor exploration of the world by sea and one about the role of the Tower of London in Tudor times. Finally a look at people’s lives in Tudor times – a chance for you guys to research different aspects of how they lived.

5 The Tudor time line

6 Henry VII Henry VIII Edward VI Jane Grey July 1553 Mary I Elizabeth I

7 Who Were They? The Tudors where a family who ruled over England from 1485 until They brought peace to England after many years of war. There had been a war - The War of the Roses for 30 years in England. The Lancasters had a red rose as a symbol, and the Yorks had a white. At the end of the war, Henry Tudor, a Lancastrian, married the niece of the leader of the Yorks. They put the white rose and the red rose together as a symbol of unity and the Tudor rose (shown above) was born.

8 How it came about The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles in fifteenth century England between two rival branches of the Plantagenet family: the houses of Lancaster and York. The title "Wars of the Roses" would not have been understood by the people at the time. The term was coined later, and became well known after Shakespeare's portrayal of the Duke of York and the Duke of Somerset plucking a rose in the gardens of the Inns of Temple in London. The white rose was only one of several badges of the House of York, and there is no evidence that the House of Lancaster used the red rose at this time!

9 How it came about Despite later Tudor propaganda, the Wars did not bring thirty years of continual anarchy and destruction. Most people were not involved at all and it did not upset general trade and farming. Over the thirty years, only about eleven months in total (about 2% of the time) was spent in active campaigning and with a population of roughly two million, only 50,000 soldiers took part at any one time. Most of the major battles took place over a day or 2. The Wars relied on quick campaigns and victories. There were no sustained sieges or conquests of territory. The conflict was mainly one of the nobility, and was particularly deadly for those of royal or noble blood. Both sides usually gave the order to spare the common soldiers.

10 Henry VII- what had he taken on? At the Battle of Bosworth Richard III was killed and Henry was made king. However all the battling of the last 30 years had led to the general population loosing faith in the monarchy. Henry knew that he must stop the quarrelling between the houses of Lancaster and York. Not only did the country need peace, but if he did not stop the squabbles, he was likely to have a short life!

11 Henry VI- what had he taken on? However, a number of battles took place, not just through quarrelling between the Yorks and the Lancastrians, but between various large and powerful families, who used the divisions in the monarchy to sort out their own personal feuds. They were able to do this because they had gradually built up private armies, supposedly to support the king in wars at home and abroad, but increasing for their own purposes. Also, battles do not come cheap – the treasury was nearly empty!

12 What do you think Henry VII could do about some of these problems?

13 Henry VII – some of his actions He kept his promise, that if he became king, he would marry Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV He persuaded various of his supporters to marry members of the Yorkist supporters too. He used the name Tudor (not Lancaster) as his family name beforeHenry dated the time of his reign to the day before the Battle of Bosworth. Therefore, legally Richard and those that had supported him could be classed as traitors. As such, anyone deemed guilty of treason could have all their property taken from them by an Act of Attainder. These are all to do with problem 1

14 Henry VII – some of his actions Henry arranged for his coronation to be on October 30th Parliament met on November 7th. Therefore he did not need Parliament to declare him king as he was king before Parliament met. He established the Court of the Star Chamber (so named because of the design on the ceiling in the room at Westminster where it was held) and also civil courts throughout the country. Much use was made of fines, that swelled the Treasury coffers! Henry was very good at managing money, and improved the new (confiscated) crown land so that they were in profit.

15 Henry VII – some of his actions He passed a law against "livery and maintenance“ banning all private armies. Any baron who disobeyed this royal command would be committing treason which carried the death penalty. (*)He was not involved in many battles abroad, preferring diplomacy and trade links with other countries (*) However, he did replace the private armies of the nobles with a yeoman force of his own (*)And along side increased foreign trade, he persuaded parliament to grant him all the funds from customs revenue!(*) (*) (*)These are to do with solution 2(b)

16 A DESCRIPTION OF HENRY VII His body was slender but well built and strong; his height above the average. His appearance was remarkably attractive and his face was cheerful, especially when speaking; his eyes were small and blue, his teeth few, poor and blackish; his hair was thin and white; his complexion sallow. His spirit was distinguished, wise and prudent; his mind was brave and resolute and never, even at moments of the greatest danger, deserted him. ….. In government he was shrewd and prudent, so that no one dared to get the better of him through deceit or guile.

17 A DESCRIPTION OF HENRY VII He was gracious and kind and was as attentive to his visitors as he was easy of access. His hospitality was splendidly generous; he was fond of having foreigners at his court and he freely conferred favours of them. But those of his subjects who were indebted to him and who did not pay him due honour or who were generous only with promises, he treated with harsh severity. He was most fortunate in war, although he was constitutionally more inclined to peace than to war. He cherished justice above all things; as a result he vigorously punished violence, manslaughter and every other kind of wickedness whatsoever.

18 A DESCRIPTION OF HENRY VII Consequently he was greatly regretted on that account by all his subjects, who had been able to conduct their lives peaceably, far removed from the assaults and evil doing of scoundrels. He was the most ardent supporter of our faith, and daily participated with great piety in religious services. …. but all these virtues were obscured latterly only by avarice, from which he suffered. This avarice is surely a bad enough vice in a private individual, whom it forever torments; in a monarch indeed it may be considered the worst vice, since it is harmful to everyone, and distorts those qualities of trustfulness, justice and integrity by which the state must be governed. From Polydore Vergil, The Anglia Historia, (spelling modernized) What is averice?

19 Meet the king

20 Meet the king Now my lords - what do you think of this method of ensuring loyalty? Why do you think it worked for Edward?

21 Meet the king “Should I use the same policy?”

22 I am back being me! Why did Henry use this policy? What were its advantages to him? Was this policy likely to increase loyalty in terms of –actions –attitudes? Was this likely to increase loyalty in terms of devotion to Henry? This is problem 4!

23 I am back being me! What does it tell us about Henry's ability to manage his nobility and his attitudes to them? How do you think the nobility might have reacted to Henry's death in 1509?

24 After his death, in 1509 His son Henry became king More of him next week!!

25 Homework Choose 3 of the actions that Henry VII took to solve a few of his many problems. Describe what he did and why he did it Also explain why you chose the ones you did