Present Status of Chemical (industrial) Disaster Risk Management and future Strategies Dr Rakesh Dubey Director Disaster Management Institute Bhopal August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura Organisational OSH poliy and programmes Design criteria Person

Accident Theory August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura “Industrial Accident Prevention” Social Environment and Ancestry Fault of the Person (Carelessness) Unsafe Act or Condition Accident Injury MISTAKES OF PEOPLE

Swiss Cheese Accident Models August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Influence creating factors August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Brownian movement of accidents August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Objective of the lecture understand the philosophy of hazards and risk recognisition/assessment; understand the philosophy and methods of control understand and suggest several methods of preventing and controlling hazards/risks in workplaces. understand the philosophy of hazards and risk recognisition/assessment; understand the philosophy and methods of control understand and suggest several methods of preventing and controlling hazards/risks in workplaces. August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Objective of the programme Disaster reduction Response Prevention/ /mitigation Preparedness August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Risk Assessment PRODUCTIVITY SAFETY QUALITY = PROFITS PROCESS August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Integral cycle for safety STEP 1: Identification of Hazards STEP 2: Assessment of Risks STEP 3: Decide Control Measures STEP 4: Implementation of Control Measures STEP 5: Monitoring and Review August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Fish bone model August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Evolution in Indian system Institutions and Regulations Existing Monitoring, enforcement is on Participatory and self evaluation approach has started August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

We suggest the model on the left for action plan Preparedness Response Safe Society 1. Prepardness : includes planning, prevention and mitigation i.e. Risk assessment (HAZOP, FEMA, FTA, ETA, consequence assessment, probability estimation, etc. audits; on- site and off-site emergency plans, Engineering change/modification for prevention and mitigation ISO’s, OSHAS, Formal education in the area of safety, risk assessment, medical, fire fighting, 2. Response: Human behaviour, community involvement and participation in emergency process, response of fire fighters, medical response, police (law and order) eg Mock drills These can be enhanced by Training, awareness building measures and integration with business continuity programme 1. Prepardness : includes planning, prevention and mitigation i.e. Risk assessment (HAZOP, FEMA, FTA, ETA, consequence assessment, probability estimation, etc. audits; on- site and off-site emergency plans, Engineering change/modification for prevention and mitigation ISO’s, OSHAS, Formal education in the area of safety, risk assessment, medical, fire fighting, 2. Response: Human behaviour, community involvement and participation in emergency process, response of fire fighters, medical response, police (law and order) eg Mock drills These can be enhanced by Training, awareness building measures and integration with business continuity programme August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Prepardness : Planning: GIS based on-site and emergency management plans Risk assessment should make a base for plans Reach to all important stake holders by using some common platform Prevention: Compliance of laws and rules, by doing risk assessment after assessing the consequences and probability by using HAZOP, FEMA, ETA, FTA and computer model for consequence analysis Mitigation Change in process, chemicals, instrumention, machine, training of human beings, community and civil administartin invovment Planning: GIS based on-site and emergency management plans Risk assessment should make a base for plans Reach to all important stake holders by using some common platform Prevention: Compliance of laws and rules, by doing risk assessment after assessing the consequences and probability by using HAZOP, FEMA, ETA, FTA and computer model for consequence analysis Mitigation Change in process, chemicals, instrumention, machine, training of human beings, community and civil administartin invovment includes planning, prevention and mitigation i.e. Risk assessment (HAZOP, FEMA, FTA, ETA, consequence assessment, probability estimation, etc. audits; on-site and off-site emergency plans, ISO’s, OSHAS, compliance of the laws, engineering modification Strengthening the regulators by knowledge upgradation to meet the challenges Formal education in the area of safety, risk assessment, medical, fire fighting, for cadre development August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION METHODS: - Process hazard checklist - Hazard survey: DOW index - HAZOP hazard & operability study - Safety review RISK ASSESSMENT: - What can go wrong & how ? - What are the chances ? - Consequences ? EXTREMES: - Low probability - Minimal consequences HAZARD IDENTIFICATION METHODS: - Process hazard checklist - Hazard survey: DOW index - HAZOP hazard & operability study - Safety review RISK ASSESSMENT: - What can go wrong & how ? - What are the chances ? - Consequences ? EXTREMES: - Low probability - Minimal consequences August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Hazards and Risks in industries LPG, Propane (under pressure in liquid phase) Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in liquid phase) Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase) Hydrogen (under pressure in gases) CO + CH4 (under atmosphere ) LPG, Propane (under pressure in liquid phase) Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in liquid phase) Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase) Hydrogen (under pressure in gases) CO + CH4 (under atmosphere ) August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Causality chain Emission Environmental distribution Exposure Effects MODELLING or MONITORING August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Types of Emissions Continuous emissions Intermittent emissions Peak emissions Block emissions August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Spatial scales Local scale Local scale Area around one point source/one industry Area around one point source/one industry Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario Local scale Local scale Area around one point source/one industry Area around one point source/one industry Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario “ Reasonable worst case ” scenario August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Regional scale Regional scale Area can be 200 x 200 km Area can be 200 x 200 km 20 million inhabitants 20 million inhabitants 100 or 10% of production 100 or 10% of production Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics Two or more sources Two or more sources Regional scale Regional scale Area can be 200 x 200 km Area can be 200 x 200 km 20 million inhabitants 20 million inhabitants 100 or 10% of production 100 or 10% of production Average environmental characteristics Average environmental characteristics Two or more sources Two or more sources August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Protection layers for disaster free society Plant engineering, material, process, control equipments, risk and training, regulatory compliances Dialogue with plant personnel including contractors, disclosure of information of hazards and risk, mitigation, preparedness Dialogue with local govts, community, disclosure of hazards, risks, preparedness, response, mitigation, August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Response Training Plant staff from top to bottom including the contractual labours, visitors, associates likes traders, suppliers consumers Community Involvement of community in all important activities, disclosure of vital information with preparedness National/state/local Governments Assessment of weakness in medical preparedness, fire fighting, law and order and corrective measures Mockdrills By involving all stakeholders including, armed forces and NDRF Training Plant staff from top to bottom including the contractual labours, visitors, associates likes traders, suppliers consumers Community Involvement of community in all important activities, disclosure of vital information with preparedness National/state/local Governments Assessment of weakness in medical preparedness, fire fighting, law and order and corrective measures Mockdrills By involving all stakeholders including, armed forces and NDRF Human behaviour, community involvement and participation in emergency process, response of fire fighters, medical response, police (law and order) eg Mock drills Compliance of regulations August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Response R ecognize A void I solate N otify R ecognize A void I solate N otify What can I do August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Response mechanism should governed by following 4 Don’ts The 4 Don’ts Don’t become a victim Don’t rush in Don’t assume anything Don’t TEST (Taste, Eat, Smell, Touch) August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Preparedness + Response have base Elimin ation Substi tution Engineering control administrative August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Administrative and technical control Worst example of regulatory compliance Best example for regulatory compliance August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Administrative and engineering Engineering way No engineering arrangements for storing August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Administrative /Engineering failure August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Engineering control Scrubers August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Engineering control Yellow hood is the suction for toxic gas engeeniering control The wall towards disc end will limit the impact zones due to explosion or fire August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Not good practice One worker is having SCBA and other is not in reposnse of toxic gas release August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Good practice Both workers are having SCBA and for victim they are taking care for compressed air August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Excercise August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura

Thanks August 27, 2010 at Agartala Tripura