Chapter 1 Understanding Wellness A Wellness Way of Life Ninth Edition Robbins/Powers/Burgess © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Objectives After reading this chapter, you will be able to: Identify the top three causes of death in the United States. Define healthy life expectancy and explain why it is low in the United States compared with other industrialized countries. Name the largest contribution factor affecting longevity. Identify the four overarching goals of the publication Healthy People 2010. List five lifestyle habits that can reduce the risk of chronic disease and enhance wellness. Define wellness. Identify the seven dimensions of wellness and give three examples within each dimension. List and describe the six factors that influence growth in wellness. Give four examples of ways society supports wellness and four examples of ways society detracts from wellness. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Healthy Life Expectancy and the Costs Healthy life expectancy is the number of years a person is expected to live in good health. Life expectancy in the US is 77.9 years (75.3 for men and 80.4 for women). With the resources available, life expectancy should be higher. Why does the US rank low in comparison to other industrialized nations? Some specific groups in US have challenges HIV epidemic in US High tobacco use and cancer incidence High rate of coronary heart disease High rate of violence (homicide) US spends more than twice as much for health care than does any other nation. (Very little goes toward prevention!) © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Leading Causes of Death in US All ages Heart disease Cancer Stroke Chronic respiratory diseases Accidents Alzheimer’s disease Diabetes mellitus Pneumonia and influenza Kidney disease Systemic blood infections Ages 15-24 Accidents (motor vehicle 26%) Assault (Homicide) Suicide Cancer Heart Disease Congenital anomalies Stroke Pneumonia and influenza Systemic blood infections Chronic respiratory diseases © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Determinants of Health and Longevity There is a direct relationship between health behavior, quality of life, and length of life. Your lifestyle behaviors represent the most controllable influence over your health. The largest contributing factors are: lifestyle behavior, heredity, social circumstance, medical care, and environmental conditions. This course is not designed to judge you or your behavior but to provide education, critical thinking, and skill development. © Brand X Pictures/Punchstock © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Factors Affecting Longevity Figure1-1 © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Lifestyle Practices that Enhance Wellness Exercise aerobically at least four to five times per week. Eliminate all tobacco products. Limit animal fats, cholesterol, trans fats, and saturated fats in the diet. Eat 5-9 daily servings of fruits and vegetables. Assess personal stressors and practice stress management techniques. Limit the consumption of alcohol to no more than 1 (under 150 lbs) to 2 drinks per day (over 150 lbs). Pursue and maintain a healthy weight. Fasten seat belts – ALWAYS. Practice safe sex habits or abstain from sexual behavior. Balance work, social, and personal time, including getting 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Healthy People 2020 Publication by the U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services Provides specific health goals and objectives for the nation to improve health status and longevity (www.healthypeople.gov) 4 main goals: 1) Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. 2) Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. 3) Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. 4) Promote quality of life, health development and healthy behaviors across all life stages. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Understanding Risk To prevent disease and promote health, it is important to identify factors that cause disease and injury. No one can promise that doing or refraining from something will keep you safe or will kill you. But, there are calculated risks and risk reduction based on research. Think beyond merely ‘risk avoidance’ toward wellness. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. High-level Wellness Health – a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (WHO) Wellness – an integrated and dynamic level of functioning oriented toward maximizing potential, dependent on self-responsibility. Health Promotion – helping people change their lifestyle, environment, and social norms to move toward a state of optimal health. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Wellness/Illness Continuum Figure1-2 © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Dimensions of Wellness Physical dimension Intellectual dimension Emotional dimension Social dimension Spiritual dimension Environmental dimension Occupational dimension © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Physical dimension The absence of disease and disability; functional operation of the body. The 5 health related components are: Cardiorespiratory endurance Muscular strength Muscular endurance Flexibility Body composition © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Intellectual Dimension Maintaining an active mind contributes to total well-being. Continually acquiring knowledge throughout life. Engaging the mind in creative and stimulating mental activities. Curiosity and learning never stop. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Emotional Dimension Subjective sense of well-being: ability to recognize and appropriately express a wide range of emotions. Awareness: recognizing your feelings, as well as the feelings of others. Acceptance: Understanding the normality of human emotion and realistically assessing personal abilities and limitations. Management: The ability to control or cope with personal feelings and knowing how to seek interpersonal support when necessary. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Social Dimension The ability to interact effectively with other people, appreciate the uniqueness of others, and feel connected to others. A genuine feeling of belonging to a social unit. Exhibiting concern for the wellness of the community and justice toward others. Supportive relationships have the power to reduce risk, frequency, and severity of illness and even promote healing. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Spiritual Dimension Associated with the concept of self-actualization, value systems, belief in a higher power, religious expression, charity, and passion for life. Personal search for meaning and direction in life. Two questions to ask yourself: Why am I here? What is my life about? © Royalty-Free/Corbis © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Environmental Dimension The preservation of natural resources as well as the protection of plant and animal wildlife. Commitment to the protection of plant and wildlife species, and to improving the quality of the environment for future generations. We must all take part in these efforts. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Occupational Dimension Deriving personal satisfaction from your vocation. Maintaining a balance between work and leisure. Working in an environment that minimizes stress and exposure to physical health hazards. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Wellness is… A continuous process A commitment Proactive A way of life An integration © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Growth in Wellness Awareness Assessment Knowledge Self-Management Skills Motivation Support and Opportunity Self-Responsibility © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Factors Affecting Growth in Wellness Figure1-3 © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

What are Societal Norms? Behaviors or practices that are expected, accepted, or supported by society. You can contribute by promoting “health and wellness” as part of your societal norm behavior via personal example. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Rx for Action Schedule into your planner an exercise “appointment” with yourself. Read the entire front page of a major newspaper. Write down three positive wellness behaviors you can do today. Then do them! Do two anonymous good deeds for someone. Get 7 to 9 hours of sleep tonight. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. What Do You Think? What lifestyle habits are prime contributors to death and disability? What area of wellness is your biggest challenge? What can YOU do to reduce your risk? Is it difficult for you to make good lifestyle choices? If so, how can you tackle the challenge? “People are like stained-glass windows. They sparkle and shine when the sun is out, but when the darkness sets in, their true beauty is revealed only if there is a light from within.” (Kubler-Ross) © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Questions? © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.