Industrial Revolution

PRIOR TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION  Harsh life— social change rare  Cottage Industry  Most people lived in small towns and villages  3 field system  Enclosure

Textile Industry  Domestic System  Began in Great Britain  Population to support industry  Factors of Production Land, labor, capital  Flying Shuttle- John Kay  James Hargreaves- Spinning Ginny  Richard Arkwright- Water Frame

 Eli Whitney- COTTON GIN Interchangeable Parts - exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged. Cotton Gin=1.5 million lbs to 85 million lbs in 20 years in US

JAMES WATTS scotland  IT ALLOWED FACTORIES TO RUN YEAR ROUND AND TO BE BUILT AWAY FROM WATERWAYS  MORE EFFICIENT VERSION OF THE STEAM ENGINE THAT PROPELLED THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO THE NEXT LEVEL

Fredrick Taylor  Division of Labor - workers performed a specialized task on a product moved on a conveyor belt.

BESSEMER & FULTON  Henry Bessemer- process of producing steel from iron  Called the Bessemer Process  Robert Fulton- designed the first practical steamboat (CLEARMONT)  His steamboat and the railroad industry open the worlds economy up

STEAM DRIVEN LOCOMOTIVES RICHARD TREVITHICK ON A BET

THE NEW SOCIETY  Rise of the Middle class URBANIZATION  Industrialization expanded the size, power, and the wealth of the middle class.

Middle Class Lifestyles  Men focused energy and time on work.  Women on the house and raising of children.

Middle Class  Boys were sent to school.  Daughters were expected to learn to cook, sew, and the household duties.

Working Class  Whole families worked in the factories and mills.  Small children as young as 6 years old worked.

Women  Women could now hold jobs.  Often in Textile mills.  “Mill Girls”

INDUSTRY IN THE US  Samuel Slater: Father of the American Industrial Revolution  Industrial spinning Wheel

New Ideas  Capitalist Ideas  Laissez-faire - businesses operating without government interference.

Laissez-faire  Freedom from government controls would mean a growing economy with material progress for all people.

Adam Smith  The Wealth of Nations  An economy works best when the natural forces of supply and demand operate.  No government control.

Adam Smith  Smith’s ideas influenced economic thought and practice.  By the 1850’s, Great Britain had adopted Smith’s ideas.

Malthus & Ricardo  Both opposed government aid to the poor.  Malthus referred to Economics as the Dismal Science

Malthus & Ricardo  They believed that the poor could help themselves by working hard, saving, and having fewer children.

Socialism  The belief that the means of production, capital, land, raw materials, and factories would be owned by society.

Socialism  Every citizen takes care of each other  The individual exists only as part of the group  This is the basis of Communism

Socialism  Wealth could be distributed equally among all citizens.  Karl Marx: Communist Manifesto

Karl Marx  German Philosopher  Proletariat (working class)— Bourgeoisie (Upper Class)  History was a class struggle between the“Haves” and “Have Nots”

Karl Marx  Working class was the only true productive class.  The working class would seized control from the middle class.

Karl Marx  The working class would then build a society in which the people owned everything.  Formation of Communism

Workers Unite  Forming of Organized labor groups. AFL-CIO  To improve working conditions and wages. REFORM LAWS: FACTORY ACT OF 1833—CHILD LABOR LAWS (PAGE )

ROBBER BARONS  Andrew Carnegie  John D. Rockefeller  JP Morgan  Jay Gould  Cornelius Vanderbilt

Darwin’s Theories in Business  Survival of the Fittest  Lower Class Exists to Serve the Upper Class  Darwin’s Ideas of Evolution and the Strong Surviving are used as guidelines for the Industrial Giants of the day.

 It was these Industrial Darwinists that lead to the rise of the discontent in the Middle Classes of Europe and America  The Expendable nature of the Laborer makes the ideas of Karl Marx and the Communist incredibly appealing to the common workers  UNIONS ARE FORMED AND SEEN AS SOCIALIST DUE TO THERE STRIKE TACTICS

MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS THAT GREW AS A RESULT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (Section 4 of chapter 10)

Henry Ford  Did not invent the automobile!! 1880’s Germany- Mercedes Benz  Designed the use of the Assembly Line

Samuel Morse  Assembled a working model of the telegraph.  Morse Code

Guillermo Marconi  Devised the wireless telegraph in  This telegraph later modified into the radio

Alexander Graham Bell  Development of the telephone in 1876.

Thomas Edison  Invented the phonograph.  Invented incandescent light-bulbs.

Wright Brothers  Wilbur and Orville Wright - (1903)  First sustained motorized flight  Kitty Hawk, North Carolina