French and Indian War 1754 – 1763

French & Indian Wars – World Wars that started in Europe and spread to America. King William’s War – Queen Anne’s War – King George’s War –

Causes Who was going to control the land west of the Appalachian Mountains and along the Ohio River Valley (Ohio Country). Fur Trade (Struggle for a Continent)

Native Americans Must Choose a Side “You and the French are like the two edges of a pair of shears. And we are the cloth which is to be cut to pieces between them.”

French Colonies One large colony built around the St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes, and Mississippi River 200,000 people Catholic One Colonial Government Fur Trade / Fishing / Farming Good relations with Native Americans (Tolerance)

English Colonies 13 colonies along the Atlantic Coast 1,200,000 people Protestant 13 Colonial Governments Farming / Trade & Commerce / Fur Trade Poor Relations with Native Americans

Native Americans French allied with Algonquian & Huron English allied with Iroquois Fur Trade was important to both sides, but English had better trade goods at a better price. Native Americans are caught in the middle.

Forts Fort Duquesne (F) / Fort Pitt (B) Louisbourg (F) Quebec (F) Montreal (F) Fort Niagara (F) Fort Carillon (F) / Fort Ticonderoga (B) Fort St. Frederick (F) / Crown Point (B) Fort Oswego (B) Fort William Henry (B)

Battles and Leaders Campaign 1754 – George Washington (B) begins war with incident along Ohio Frontier. Albany Congress – Ben Franklin (B) has Albany Plan of Union. Campaign 1755 – Gen. Edward Braddock (B) defeated at Ft. Duquesne (F) Sir William Johnson (B) defeats French at the Battles of Lake George (B) and builds Ft. William Henry (B)

1756 Marquis de Montcalm (F) appointed commander in America – he captures and destroys Ft. Oswego (B)

1757 William Pitt (B) elected Prime Minister of England and changes the direction of the war in North America Montcalm (F) – captures and destroys Ft. William Henry (B) “Last of the Mohicans”. Robert Rogers (B) – Roger’s Rangers – stealth

A FINE FRENCH & INDIAN WAR PERIOS PATTERN 1738 LAND SERVICE HEAVY DRAGOON PISTOL, by E. JORDAN dtd A FINE FRENCH & INDIAN WAR PERIOD PATTERN 1738 LAND SERVICE HEAVY DRAGOON PISTOL, by E. JORDAN dtd. 1742

Gunstock War Club

Robert Roger

Roger’s Rangers

Roger's Rangers vs. Abenaki Indian 1759

1758 Gen. James Wolfe (B) and Lord Jeffrey Amherst (B) capture Louisbourg (F) General James Abercrombie (B) – defeated by Montcalm (F) at Ft. Carillon / Ft. Ticonderoga and Lord George Howe (B) is killed. Lt. Col. John Bradstreet (B) captures and destroys Ft. Frontenac (F) a major supply fort for French western forts. Gen. James Forbes (B) captures Ft. Duquesne (F) and rebuilds it as Ft. Pitt (B).

1759 Lord Jeffrey Amherst (B) captures Ft. Carillon / Ticonderoga and Ft. St. Frederic / Crown Point Sir William Johnson (B) captures Ft. Niagara (F) Battle of Quebec (B) – Gen. James Wolfe (B) defeats Montcalm (F)

Battle of Quebec – Death of Gen. James Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham

1760 Three British armies converge on Montreal and Montreal Surrenders

Results – Treaty of Paris 1763 France lost all her land in North America except Haiti and some fishing islands off the coast of Canada England got all French land east of the Mississippi River Spain got all French land west of the Mississippi River England got Florida from Spain