atmospheric or aerial perspective Chiaroscuro & tenebrism cross-hatching and hatching hue, value (key), and intensity (saturation) local, perceptual, optically mixed, and arbitrary color palette pointillism & optical mixing of color primary, secondary and intermediate colors spectrum Temperature Symbolic or expressive color Visual texture Motion and time Action painting Outline or contour line Implied line Expressive line Analytic or classic line Shape and mass 3-dimensional space 2-dimensional space Linear perspective Vanishing point One-point linear perspective Foreshortening
FORMAL ELEMENTS OF ART Test on April 2 Entire section on Formal Elements of Art
Foreshortening
Illusion of depth // two-dimensions - 1490 (left) versus 1907 (right)
Atmospheric perspective The first object of the painter is to make a flat plane appear as a body in relief and projecting from that plane. -- Leonardo da Vinci
Chiaroscuro: In drawing and painting, the use of light and dark to create the effect of 3-dimensional, modeled surfaces. Tenebrism: A heightened form of chiaroscuro
Hatching and cross-hatching
Color Spectrum and color wheel (invented in the 18th century)
Test for red/green color blindness Normal color vision should read the number 3. Red-Green deficiencies should read the number 5. Total color blindness should not be able to read any numeral.
Cool and warm temperature monochormatic palette
Value (key) scale: the relative lightness or darkness of a picture or the colors employed in it
Saturation and intensity // tints and shades Intensity: the relative purity of a color’s hue and a function of its relative brightness or dullness
Interaction of colors
Pointillism // optical mixing of color
Chuck Close, optical mixing
Arbitrary color versus local color
Symbolic or Expressive color
visual texture (versus actual texture based on touch)
Claude Monet, Waterlilies, late 19th century Impressionist oil on canvas panorama painting at the Jeu de Paume in Paris. No focal point gives sense of timeless time.
Time and motion // visual rhythm
Action Painting – Jackson Pollock (viewer has awareness of time – event of painting as verb)
Op art: visual motion / visual rhythm Bridget Riley
Tinguely, Homage to New York, kinetic sculpture
Alexander Calder, Mobile, National Gallery of Art, Washington D Alexander Calder, Mobile, National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C // kinetic sculpture
Pattern
Miriam Schapiro, Mother Russia, Pattern as a feminist statement, 1994, Femmage