Keith Tovey M.A., PhD, CEng, MICE Energy Science Director: Low Carbon Innovation Centre School of Environmental Sciences Lay Chairman: Norwich East Deanery Nick Wincott and John Pardon Eastern Heat Pumps

Future Global Warming Rates

IRisks to Unique and Threatened Systems IIRisks from Extreme Climatic Events IIIDistribution of Impacts IVAggregate Impacts VRisks from Future Large Scale Discontinuities Reasons for Concern I II III IV V Range of predicted temperatures Risks to Many Risks to Some Large Increase Increase Negative for most Regions Negative for some Regions Some positive/ some negative Most people adversely affected Net Negative for all markets Very Low Risk Higher Risk Current temperature Average Historic Average oCoC

Local impacts Norfolk in that part of the UK which is likely to be most impacted. Re-distribution of rainfall; lower summer rainfall. Maybe more flooding in winter Landscape/agriculture changes Regionally/Globally More severe weather droughts; floods; crop failures etc.

Participatory/inclusive Partnerships Modes of participation (targets/methods) Matrix of modes of participation = representative of real-world complexity Spark imaginations Centred on Norwich/Norfolk, but links across the region, country, the world…. The CRed Community

The CRed ambition To engage, enthuse and empower a large, diverse community to debate, plan and execute a programme to reduce carbon emissions by up to 60% by 2025 Can a local community take on the responsibility for starting to confront the challenge of climate change and make a difference? Or will it continue to be - someone/somewhere else? Can we encourage politicians/officials to be bolder on our behalf? “exemplar for the world”

“There will be much more local generation, in part from medium to small local/community power plant, fuelled by locally grown biomass, from locally generated waste, and from local wind sources. These will feed local distributed networks, which can sell excess capacity into the grid.’’ - Energy White Paper: February 2003 Government Response Energy White Paper – aspiration for 60% cut in CO 2 emissions by 2050 Will require unprecedented partnership activity in local communities to ensure on track by 2020s (– but no indication of how this will be undertaken)

How many people know what 9 tonnes of CO 2 looks like? 5 hot air balloons per person per year. 4 million each year for Norfolk On average each person in UK causes the emission of 9 tonnes of CO 2 each year.

Some facts: A mobile phone charger left on even when not charging up to 25 kg CO 2 a year Standby on television > 60 kg per year Filling up with petrol (~£30 for a full tank) kg of CO 2 (5% of one balloon) Driving 1.6 miles in a small family car (e.g cc Toyota Corolla) emits as much carbon dioxide as heating an old persons room for 1 hour

Wind Energy Solar Hot Water Heaters Solar PV Biofuels - biodiesel, bioethanol Conservation: heat pumps Education: Awareness Cred is looking at a variety of projects: Some examples

How to use your to beat global warming University aims to shame ministers into tougher action Ian Sample, science correspondent - Wednesday August 27, 2003 A group of scientists in East Anglia has launched an ambitious campaign to tackle the threat of global warming in an effort to shame ministers into stronger action on climate change. The task they have set themselves is formidable: to slash the region's emissions of carbon dioxide in half the time the government believes is possible. At first glance, the project, known as Cred, for carbon reduction, might easily be dismissed as well-meaning nonsense. But the team behind it, Keith Tovey and his colleagues at the University of East Anglia, belong to the most prestigious environmental science department in the country. "If anyone is going to do this, they will," said Dennis Thouless whose Norwich-based company, Global Commodities, collects used cooking oil from local businesses and turns it into fuel. The Cred project was set up in response to the government's white paper on energy, published in February. "The government pledged that they would be pushing to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 60% by the year 2050," Dr Tovey said. "It looked impressive and sounded good, but didn't give any clues on how to do it. To put it bluntly, there were too many agendas being thrown around." The result was a statement of high intention that lacked any practical guidance. Growing frustration at the government's dithering has spurred Dr Tovey's team into action. They have taken the government's stated target of 60% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, which according to the royal commission on environmental pollution is vital to avoid the adverse effects of climate change, and pledged that East Anglia would meet it in half the time. "If we can show that the people here can achieve this target by 2025, we can turn around and say to everybody else, 'What's your excuse?'" Dr Tovey said. Enthusiasm for the project has snowballed. Local businesses have submitted themselves to scrutiny, to see how much electricity they are wasting. School children have had crash courses in saving energy. Night classes have been set up to teach people the fine art of making solar cells that, strapped to their roofs, will give hot water. Others have gone one step further and installed silicon-based panels on their roofs that convert sunlight into electricity. Dr Tovey is talking to the Diocese of Norwich to try to get the Anglican church on board. "East Anglia has more than 600 churches," he said. "Because churches are all built running east to west, it means they've got a huge area of roof that's facing south, so they're perfect for catching the sun." "It would be very hard not to agree with the aims of the Cred project," said the Rev Jan MacFarlane, the Bishop of Norwich's chaplain. "And if there's a possibility of generating some income, why not?" But Dr Tovey knows that slashing carbon dioxide in East Anglia will have little impact on global climate change. The people of East Anglia produce 6.5m tonnes of carbon dioxide a year, against the 500m tonnes produced by the UK as a whole. "To make a real difference, the US will have to be doing this, but that will happen when they realise there is money to be made doing this." Word of the project is spreading beyond East Anglia. The Bishop of Hereford has expressed an interest. A delegation from Japan which visited the Cred team may set up a similar project. The biggest threat to success now, the scientists believe, is that people's enthusiasm dries up as the novelty wears off. Dr Tovey said: "There's always a chance we will fail. But if we fail, it can't be said we haven't tried." Cred Enthusiasm for the project has snowballed. Local businesses have submitted themselves to scrutiny, to see how much electricity they are wasting. School children have had crash courses in saving energy. Night classes have been set up to teach people the fine art of making solar cells that, strapped to their roofs, will give hot water. Others have gone one step further and installed silicon-based panels on their roofs that convert sunlight into electricity. Dr Tovey is talking to the Diocese of Norwich to try to get the Anglican church on board. "East Anglia has more than 600 churches," he said. "Because churches are all built running east to west, it means they've got a huge area of roof that's facing south, so they're perfect for catching the sun." "It would be very hard not to agree with the aims of the Cred project," said the Rev Jan MacFarlane, the Bishop of Norwich's chaplain. "And if there's a possibility of generating some income, why not?"

The Times: Weather Eye: September 22, Paul Simons THE Right Rev John Oliver, the Bishop of Hereford, is promoting a novel idea to help to cut the UK’s carbon dioxide emissions — he would like to use church roofs for solar panels in order to generate electricity. “Most churches were built with roofs with a north-south aspect, which is ideal for catching sunlight,” he explains. Aesthetic considerations are helped by photovoltaic solar cells that can be made to look like roof slates. Following this and previous article, there has been must interest from parishes in Norwich, elsewhere in the UK, and overseas.

Photo Voltaic Cells are becoming progressively cheaper Efficiencies of collectors are improving Grants of up to 70% of capital cost are available Photo voltaic cells can be manufactured in a variety of forms - even made to look like tiles - or made in the form which can be rolled out for easy installation. They can be easily connected to the Grid and sell surplus electricity while allowing import when no solar energy is available. Some Facts:

Photo Voltaic Cells on Norfolk Church Roofs This provides a unique opportunity for the Church to make a contribution to environmental issues, to the benefit of the local community.

Eastern Heatpumps Ltd. Incorporating Screed Masters Are Re-newable energy consultants With a specialism in ground sourced heat pumps.

Photo voltaic cells produce electricity. Solar panels provide hot water Photo Voltaic cells are most efficient on South facing roof slopes. Traditionally most Churches are of an East West aspect with one or more South facing roof slopes, providing an ideal opportunity for Photo Voltaic cells to collect FREE solar energy to produce electricity.

Two Examples of photovoltaics House in Cringleford New Environmental Science Building

1. Most Churches are Listed, and if not are Architecturally and/or historically and/or of high landscape value and importance. 2. Consequently any Photo Voltaic Cell installation must be aesthetically sensitive. 3. Photo Voltaic Cells are available in a number of forms, a few being:- Sheet, suitable for lead roofs, Slates for incorporation in slate roofs, Panels for more modern churches

In general terms the electricity produced by Photo Voltaic Cells is about 100 kWh/m 2 /per year. Taking an average South facing Church roof area of about 22 Metres x 4.5 Metres, this will produce kWh of electricity per year. [4.3 tonnes of carbon dioxide saved] In most cases this will provide the Church with most, if not all of it’s electricity, and produce a surplus.

This surplus ( mostly in summer) can be exported to the Main distribution system. The equipment needed will include inverters, in most cases up to a maximum of 3 Inverters in house in Cringleford

Financial Models To develop the scheme 1.“Rent a Roof” 2.Diocese Capital to provide an income for the future 3.Individual Church’s own capital 4.Proceeds of the Land Fill Tax There are also grants up to 50%+ The cost of energy will rise, making these proposals more viable.

In the case of financial models 2. and 3. how can the surplus electricity be used and sold? 1. Distribute locally in the Parish/village (The Church making additional positive community involvement, for the benefit of all) [saves the 8% normal transmission losses and attendant CO 2 emissions] 2. Sell all electricity produced to a Power Company (Could provide a greater financial return) [the Renewable Obligation Certificates which all Electricity Suppliers MUST have are selling at a premium price]