WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 20 MASS SOCIETY AND DEMOCRACY

Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Prosperity New Products Steel  took the place of iron...helped make machines lighter, smaller, & faster Steel Production (GB, France, Germany, & Belgium) 1860 – 125,000 tons 1913 – 32,000,000 tons

Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Prosperity New Products Electricity  used for heat, light, & motion Thomas Edison – developed first American light bulb Alexander Graham Bell – telephone Guglielmo Marconi – radio Wright Brothers - airplane

Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Prosperity New Patterns Wages increased & product costs went down Assembly line  new manufacturing method developed by Henry Ford...allowed Ford to mass produce his Model T automobile Europe divided into two economic zones...Western Europe becomes industrialized & wealthy...Eastern Europe remained agricultural & poor

Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Prosperity The Communist Manifesto Written in 1848 by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels Said society was split into two groups Bourgeoisie – middle class...the oppressors Proletariat – working class...the oppressed Marx believed the struggle b/w these two groups would lead to a revolution Believed the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie, set up a dictatorship, and create a classless society Political parties based on the ideals of Marx began to grow throughout Europe

Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Society New Urban Environment Many people moved from the countryside to cities to find work in factories Population of London 1800 – 960,000 1900 – 6,500,000 Improvements in public health & sanitation helped living conditions in cities Running water Sewage systems Dams & reservoirs for water Gas & electric heaters

Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Society The Marriage Ideal Men were viewed as tough, source of income, the “boss” of the relationship Women were viewed as innocent, homemaker, needed to obey her husband Family sizes (# of children) began to decrease b/c of better economic situation and increased use of birth control

Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Society The Family Ideal See the growth of more “family” celebrations  Fourth of July and “modern version” of Christmas Most children were working by age 9-10 Families began to be able to afford more comforts such as sewing machines & cast-iron stoves

Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Society Women’s Rights Feminism began Women fought for legal rights, education rights, voting rights, etc. Many nations didn’t grant these rights until after WWI

Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Society Education Access to education began to filter down from the upper class Children b/w 6-12 were required to attend school Nations began to set up schools & universities to help educate people More education increased literacy rates in industrialized nations Higher literacy rates helped the growth of newspapers

Section 2 – The Emergence of Mass Society Leisure All forms of leisure and entertainment began to grow (amusement parks, dance halls, sports) Changes in leisure during this time: 1) Leisure came to be viewed as something fun done after work 2) Leisure became more passive (sit on a ferris wheel, watch a ballgame) 3) Leisure became something people paid for (amusement park, sporting event)

Section 3 – The National State & Democracy Triple Alliance Formed b/w Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy Germany sought allies b/c it feared France (thought they were trying to create an anti-German alliance) Germany maintained a separate treaty w/ Russia & tried to remain on good terms w/ Great Britain 1890 – Otto von Bismarck was removed from power in Germany...Germany dropped treaty w/ Russia Otto von Bismarck

Section 3 – The National State & Democracy Triple Entente Formed b/w Russia, Great Britain, & France Germany became flanked Led to uneasy situation in Europe for decades (up until WWI)

Section 3 – The National State & Democracy Crises in the Balkans Austria-Hungary & Russia both tried to gain influence over the Balkan countries Bosnia & Herzegovina were annexed by Austria-Hungary Serbia was outraged...Serbia had wanted to join up w/ Bosnia & Herzegovina to form a large Slavic-speaking kingdom Russia supported Serbia...Serbia prepared for war w/ Austria-Hungary Germany told Russia to back down or face war Russia (weak military at the time) backed down but vowed revenge

Section 4 – Toward the Modern Consciousness Art Monet – impressionist painter – Impression Sunrise Van Gogh – postimpressionist painter – The Starry Night Picasso – cubist painter – Three Musicians

Section 4 – Toward the Modern Consciousness Architecture Frank Lloyd Wright – American architect – Falling Water

Section 4 – Toward the Modern Consciousness Science Marie Curie – discovered radiation Albert Einstein – theory of relativity Sigmund Freud – wrote “The Interpretation of Dreams”...developed psychoanalysis – delving deep into someone’s memory

Section 4 – Toward the Modern Consciousness Extreme Nationalism Social Darwinism – idea that natural selection could be applied to society...stronger cultures/races would prosper while weaker ones would decline Anti-Semitism – “anti-Jew”...massacres of Jews were not uncommon across Europe Zionism – movement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine...Palestine was the land of ancient Israel...Palestine was opposed to Jewish immigration