Evaluation of the Content Relevance for the National Curriculum Revision of Practical Arts Education in Korea 韓國 實科敎育課程 適正性 評價 Choon-Sig Lee, Ph. D. Gyeong-In National University of Education 李 春 植 : 京仁敎育大學校

Contents Ch.1 Ch.2 Ch.3 Ch.4 Overview : Korea EducationOverview : Korea Education Framework: Content Relevance Framework: Content Relevance MethodMethod Findings Findings

Ch.1 Overview : Korea EducationOverview : Korea Education Number (2004 year) SchoolsStudentsTeachers Primary School 5,5424,116,301157,409 Middle School 2,9001,937,818101,916 High School 2,1411,766,966116,549

History of National Curriculum 1 st NC : ; Subject-oriented Cur. 1 st NC : ; Subject-oriented Cur. 2 nd NC : ; Experience-oriented 2 nd NC : ; Experience-oriented 3 rd NC : ; Discipline-oriented 3 rd NC : ; Discipline-oriented 4 th NC : ; R & D Type Cur. 4 th NC : ; R & D Type Cur. 5 th NC : ; Integrative approached 5 th NC : ; Integrative approached 6 Th NC : ; Decentralization Cur. 6 Th NC : ; Decentralization Cur. 7 th NC : ; Student-oriented Cur. 7 th NC : ; Student-oriented Cur.

7 th National Curriculum Learner-oriented education : suits the students’ capability, aptitude, and career development needs Learner-oriented education : suits the students’ capability, aptitude, and career development needs National common basic education period: 1 to 10 grade (high school 1 st grade) National common basic education period: 1 to 10 grade (high school 1 st grade) Common 10 subject matters: Korean Language, Moral Edu. Social Studies, Math. Science, Practical Arts/Technology & Home economics, Physical Edu. Music, Fine Arts, English. Common 10 subject matters: Korean Language, Moral Edu. Social Studies, Math. Science, Practical Arts/Technology & Home economics, Physical Edu. Music, Fine Arts, English.

Curriculum Revision Policy 1 st to 7 th : Whole scale revision system 1 st to 7 th : Whole scale revision system Average revision period: about 8 years Average revision period: about 8 years General guidelines : viewpoint, time allotment standards General guidelines : viewpoint, time allotment standards Each subject curriculum revision Each subject curriculum revision New 7 th : Partial and Constant revision system New 7 th : Partial and Constant revision system According to the needs of subject situation According to the needs of subject situation

Purposes Concept of content relevance Concept of content relevance Evaluation of 7 th National curriculum of PA Evaluation of 7 th National curriculum of PA Analysis the need of curriculum revision of PA Analysis the need of curriculum revision of PA

Ch.2 Framework: Content Relevance Framework: Content Relevance

Teaching Context Learning Context Individual Appropriateness ▷ Adjusting the quantity of content ▷ Adjusting the difficulty of content Optimization Relevance ▷ Optimized quantity of content ▷ Optimized difficulty of content Input Output SocietyDiscipline Useful Contents

Evaluation Criterion of Content Relevance Learning Quantity Learning Quantity teaching and learning context teaching and learning context Content Difficulty Content Difficulty learning capability learning capability Content Validity Content Validity relationship between objectives and textbook contents relationship between objectives and textbook contents Content Sequence Content Sequence Students’ development level Students’ development level

1 st survey : May, st survey : May, 2004 Participant: primary teachers(526), primary students(1,818), and professors (17) Participant: primary teachers(526), primary students(1,818), and professors (17) Item: learning content, content difficulty, content validity etc. Item: learning content, content difficulty, content validity etc. 2 nd survey : May, nd survey : May, 2005 Participant: primary teachers(180), and professors (21) Participant: primary teachers(180), and professors (21) Item: problem diagnosis and needs for curriculum revision of PA Item: problem diagnosis and needs for curriculum revision of PA Ch.3 MethodMethod

Learning Quantity of Content Learning Quantity of Content Ch.4 Findings Findings CategoryFew n (%) Proper Much Sum Student370(20)1,215(67)233(13)1,818 (100) (100) Teacher32(6)256(51)215(43)503(100) Professor6(35)4(24)7(41)17(100)

Primary Teacher's Recognition of Learning Quantity of the Textbook Unit CategoryMuch n (%) Proper Few Sum Home domestic 31(8)290(81)39(11)360(100) Clean home environment 33(9)274(76)53(15)360(100) Flowers and vegetables 137(38)165(46)57(16)359(100) Using computer 120(34)193(54)43(12)356(100) Nutrition56(16)255(72)43(12)354(100) Using bank 44(12)256(73)52(15)352(100) Life and of electric & electronic 155(43)153(43)50(14)358(100) Using needle and thread 148(31)160(45)52(14)360(100) World of work and occupation 30(9)255(75)54(16)339(100) Life and beautiful environment 62(18)238(71)38(11)338(100) Cooking95(28)186(56)54(16)335(100) Using sewing machine 191(56) 92(27)57(17)340(100) Woodworking132(39)166(49)40(12)338(100) Caring of animal 146(42)161(48)32(10)339(100) Utilizing internet 81(24)202(60)56(16)339(100) Reviving environment 27(8)264(78)46(14)337(100)

Difficulty of Content CategoryEasy n (%) Proper Hard Sum Student668(37)938(52)215(11)1,821(100) Teacher60(12)238(47)201(41)503(100) Prof.4(24)10(59)3(17)17(100)

Content Validity Category/Teacher/Much n (%) Proper Few Sum Using computer 196(39)184(36)146(35)504(100) Using bank 117(23)129(26)258(51504(100) Using sewing machine 147(29)102(20)255(51)504(100) Utilizing internet 108(21)131(26)265(53)504(100)

Content Validity Category/professor/Much n (%) Proper Few Sum Using computer 4(25)4(25)9(50)17(100) Using bank 1(5)5(29)11(66)17(100) Life and beautiful environment 7(41)3(18)7(41)17(100) Using sewing machine 3(17)2(12)12(71)17(100) Utilizing internet 2(12)3(17)12(71)17(100)

Content Sequence of Primary and Secondary School CategoryMuch n (%) Proper Few Sum Teacher121(25)78(17)278(58)477(100) Professor7(41)3(18)7(41)17(100)

Diagnosis on the Characteristics of PA Emphasizing on the practical experience and usefulness of life Emphasizing on the practical experience and usefulness of life CategoryMuch n (%) Proper Few Sum Teacher41(23)134(74) 5 (3) 180(100) Professor 4 (19) 15 (71) 2 (10) 21 (100)

Acquiring and applying of basic knowledge and skill of life Acquiring and applying of basic knowledge and skill of life CategoryMuch n (%) Proper Few Sum Teacher40(23)125(69)15(8)180(100) Professor 7 (34) 11 (52) 3 (14) 21 (100)

Improving of decision-making and problem-solving ability, and creativity by experience learning. Improving of decision-making and problem-solving ability, and creativity by experience learning. CategoryMuch n (%) Proper Few Sum Teacher38(21)116(64)26(15)180(100) Professor 2 (10) 16 (76) 3 (14) 21 (100)

Developing and exploring of career by work experience CategoryMuch n (%) Proper Few Sum Teacher48(27)114(63)18(10)180(100) Professor 2 (10) 16 (76) 3 (14) 21 (100)

Improving of positive attitude of work. Improving of positive attitude of work. CategoryMuch n (%) Proper Few Sum Teacher27(15)126(70)27(15)180(100) Professor 5 (24) 12 (57) 4 (19) 21 (100)

Diagnosis on the Objective of PA ResponseObjective Yes revision n (%) No revision n (%) No idea n (%) Sum Acquisition of the basic ability of needed in the life. 42(20.9)152(75.6)7(3.5)201(100) Improvement of the aptitude development, career exploration, and positive of work and occupation. 37(18.4)146(72.6)18(9.0)201(100) Rational planning and readiness of future life. 38(18.9)132(65.7)31(15.4)201(100)

Diagnosis on the Relationship between Content and Objective of PA Related contents with the objective of 'acquisition of the basic ability of life’ Related contents with the objective of 'acquisition of the basic ability of life’ average 72% of respondents average 72% of respondents 13 units (about 81% among 16 units) 13 units (about 81% among 16 units) Related contents with the objective of 'improvement of the aptitude development, career exploration, and positive attitude of work and occupation ' Related contents with the objective of 'improvement of the aptitude development, career exploration, and positive attitude of work and occupation ' average 72% of respondents average 72% of respondents 2 units: 'using computer' and 'world of work and occupation' 2 units: 'using computer' and 'world of work and occupation'

Related contents with the objective of 'rational planning and readiness of future life' Related contents with the objective of 'rational planning and readiness of future life' average 64% of respondents average 64% of respondents 1 units : 'using bank' 1 units : 'using bank'

Diagnosis on the Demand of Curriculum Revision of PA (dual response possible) GradeContents No response n (%) No revision n (%) Yes revision n (%) 5th yr Helping of home life 7 (4) 140 (69) 54 (27) Cleaning environment of life 9 (5) 149 (74) 3 (21) 3 (21) Gardening of flower and vegetable 7 (3) 108 (54) 86 (43) Using of computer 7 (4) 100 (49) 94 (47) Taking food nutrition 8 (4) 157 (78) 36 (18) Using of bank 8 (4) 140 (70) 53 (26) Handling of electric & electronic 6 (3) 94 (47) 101 (50) Using of needle and thread 6 (3) 120 (60) 75 (37)

Diagnosis on the Demand of Curriculum Revision of PA (dual response possible) GradeContents No response n (%) No revision n (%) Yes revision n (%) 6th yr World of work and occupation 9 (4) 136 (68) 56 (28) Making of beautiful environment 9 (4) 110 (55) 82 (41) Cooking of simple material 9 (5) 159 (79) 33 (16) Using of sewing machine 8 (4) 43 (21) 150 (75) Woodworking 9 (5) 103 (51) 89 (44) Caring of animal 9 (4) 102 (51) 90 (45) Utilizing of internet 9 (4) 138 (69) 54 (27) Reviving of environment 12(6) 164 (82) 25 (12)

CONCLUSIONS Learning quantity : appropriate level Learning quantity : appropriate level Difficulty of content : Difficulty of content : life and electric & electronic life and electric & electronic using needle and thread using needle and thread using sewing machine using sewing machine woodworking woodworking

content validity : less adequate content validity : less adequate using computer using computer using bank using bank using sewing machine using sewing machine utilizing internet utilizing internet content sequence : well arranged except subject name content sequence : well arranged except subject name

Curriculum revision need Characteristics and goals : well described Characteristics and goals : well described Contents according to objective : revision Contents according to objective : revision life and electric & electronics life and electric & electronics using sewing machine using sewing machine Revision demand of students and teachers : Revision demand of students and teachers : using computer using computer using sewing machine using sewing machine

Thank you very much!