Approaching the Comprehensive Approach: Lessons from Preparing Peace Operations Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf | ZIF Analysis Partnership for Peace Workshop | Bratislava, 03 July 2013 Your Gateway to Peace Operations

1.Background: Comprehensive Peace Operations 2.ZIF: Purpose and Mandate 3.Institutionalized Comprehensive Approach in ZIF 4.Approaching the Comprehensive Approach in Training: Lessons and Questions Center for International Peace Operations Overview Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

> civilians > 50 mandated missions today > peacekeepers > 140 peace operations since 1948 > military > police 1 | Peace Operations: Key Figures Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

 More types of field missions.  More complex, partly executive mandates.  More organizations than ever involved.  Extended periods of deployment.  Wider roles for (civilian) personnel. 1 | Fundamental Changes in Peace Operations Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Peacemaking Peacekeeping Peacebuilding Political dialogue; Mediation Capacity building; Institution building; Policy support Elections Administration; Demobilization; Rule of Law; Security sector reform Monitoring; Observation Humanitarian aid; Emergency response 1 | Range of Activities Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

UN Regionalorganisationen „Coalitions of the Willing“ United Nations Regional Organizations (EU, OSCE, AU, etc.) Bilateral Actors 1 | Range of Actors Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Established in 2002 as Non-profit Ltd., owned by the Federal Republic of Germany, represented by the Federal Foreign Office  to provide independent analysis and advice on crisis prevention, peace operations, and peace building; cooperation between civilian, police and military actors; policy and further development of the UN, EU, OSCE and other international institutions.  to establish and maintain a civilian expert roster for peace operations and election observations.  to develop and provide training for experts to be deployed in international peace operations and as election observers. 2 | ZIF Mandate Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Director AdministrationTrainingAnalysisHuman Resources (Expert Roster) Projects AU Roster Rule of Law Peace Ops Fragile states Peace and Security ENTRi II EU Training OCHA Roster 2 | ZIF Structure Center for International Peace Operations 18 employees ~20 employees Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

~1,300 civilians registered, non-standing 2 | ZIF Expert Roster Center for International Peace Operations German Civilians in Peace Operations (as of December 2012) Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf STO, 634 LTO German Election Observers ( : 3405) European Council: 18

 Human Rights Expert, Sudan  Monitor, Georgia  Election Observer, Kazakhstan  Press Officer, Timor-Leste  Political Analyst, DR Congo  Humanitarian Coordinator, Libya  International Judge, Kosovo  Finance Manager, Afghanistan  Logistics Specialist, Liberia 2 | ZIF Experts in Peace Operations Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

3 | Institutionalized Comprehensive Approach in ZIF  Working Group on the Comprehensive Approach (Vernetzte Sicherheit): Representatives from / liaison to MoECD, MFA, MoD, MoI. Analytical and conceptual contributions to CA.  Participation in Working Group on Peace and Development (FriEnt): MoECD, governmental agencies, NGOs. Strengthening cooperation and contribution of development cooperation to sustainable conflict transformation.  Training Partner Platform: MoECD, MoJ, MoI, MoD Bundeswehr: Command & Staff College, UN Training Center Police Academies, GIZ. Pooling of resources, joint trainings, exchange of experience. Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint Trainings  Mentoring and Advising (w/ several partners).  Intercultural communication (w/ police academies).  Gender issues in peace operations (w/ police academies).  UN Administration and Field Support (w/ UN-DFS, CSC Hamburg).  Field Security Trainings (w/ UN Training Center Hammelburg). Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint EU Trainings ENTRi II – Europe’s New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management.  3,33m Euro / 3 yrs from the EU Instrument for Stability, co-funded 90% by European Commission 10% by 14 implementing partners (led by ZIF) OSCE and UN-DPKO as Associates.  Preparation and training of civilians to be, or already deployed to crisis management missions (EU, UN, OSCE, AU).  747 civilians from 67 nations trained in 36 ENTRi courses in  Courses: Pre-deployment: EULEX Kosovo, EUPOL Afghanistan, EUMM Georgia. Specialization: Rule of Law, Mission Administration and Support, Conflict Analysis & Conflict Sensitivity, Mediation & Negotiation, Human Rights, Women in Armed Conflict. Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint EU Trainings ZIF In-Mission Trainings  Since 2011: EUPOL Afghanistan, EULEX Kosovo, EUPOL COPPS Palestine  Preparation and training of civilians already deployed to EU crisis management missions.  Intercultural communication, Mediation & Negotiation. Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

4 | Lesson 1: Targeting and Matching Different target groups need different focus. The closer to operations, the bigger the challenge to match target groups. Center for International Peace Operations Consequences:  Differentiate target groups between political level, planners, implementers.  Who needs what?  For implementers, pre-deployment or in-mission trainings are best-fit, as they can cover conflict and context specific knowledge and skills.  Challenges due to different deployment modes, dates and cycles. Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

4 | Lesson 2: Knowledge and Skills Different training formats focus on different types of knowledge and skills. There is no “one size fits all”. Center for International Peace Operations General Knowledge  Concepts (Comprehensive Approach, Human Security etc.)  CA philosophy in different International Organizations and Nations  Analysis and planning instruments  Structures, mandates and organizational cultures Conflict-specific Knowledge Skills  Intercultural behavior  Conflict and actor analysis  Defining goals and planning  Networking and interaction Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

4 | Lesson 3: Priorities and Mainstreaming Civilians’ training time is a scarce resource. To maximize numbers of participants, minimize time required. Focus on mainstreaming. Center for International Peace Operations Consequences:  Identify training priorities for target groups with respect to relevant skills, relevant conflict context, training time required, political importance.  Focus on short training courses or modules to minimize time required.  Focus on mainstreaming to reach maximum numbers of participants. Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf