Cheek Cells Bacterial Cells Elodea Cells OnionCells 400x

 Organelles  specialized structure that performs important cellular functions  “little organ”

 Type of Cell:  Plant  Prokaryotes (bacteria)  Fungi  Some protists  Structure:  Rigid outer layer of cell made of mainly carbs and some protein.  Cellulose for plants.  Chitin for fungi  Peptidoglycan for bacteria.  Function:  Support  Protection

 Type of Cells:  All cells  Structure:  Fluid mosaic lipid bi-layer  Function:  Control movement in and out of cell  Selectively permeable – only let certain substances in and out of the cell  Barrier from outside environment cell membrane animation

 Types of Cells:  All cells  Structure:  Clear, thick jelly-like material  Function:  Support cellular organelles  Move nutrients in cell

Consists of Microtubules & Microfilaments  A network of protein fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm

 Types of Cells:  All Cells  Structure:  Twisted chain of proteins  Thinnest protein fibers in the cell  Function:  Help maintain shape and supports the cell  cause cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells

 Types of Cells:  Eukaryotic  Structure  Hollow tubes made of Protein  Function  Facilitate the movement of vesicles  Motor proteins

 Cilia  Structure: Tiny hair-like projections on the outside of certain cells  Function: Moves materials around the outside of the cell  Ex: cells found in the lining of the trachea (windpipe)  Moves mucus and dirt out of the lungs  Flagella  Structure: Long whip-like tail  Function: Moves the cell  Ex: sperm cells

 Cell Type: Only animals cells  Structure:  Cylinder shape  Made of 9 sets of 3 microtubules Function: Involved in forming the mitotic spindle during cell division Chromosomes attach to spindle and separate properly

 Types of Cells:  Eukaryotic Cells (Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protist)  Structure:  Large, oval shape  Near center  Double membrane (nuclear envelope) with nuclear pores (holes)  Function:  Contains and protects genetic information (DNA)  Controls the cell

A. Animal B. Plant C. Bacteria D. Fungi

1. Mitochondria 2. Nucleus 3. Cytoplasm 4. Golgi Apparatus

A. Nucleus B. Cell wall C. Cell membrane D. Cytoplasm

1. Cell membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus 4. Ribosome

 Types of Cells:  All cells  Inside nucleus in eukaryotic cells or in middle of prokaryotic cells  Structure:  Double helix of nucleic acids  DNA is coiled to form chromatin and wound up even more into organized packages of DNA called chromosomes  Function:  Genetic information (“blue- print of life”)  Contains the code for making proteins

 Types of Cells:  Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist)  Structure:  Small round structure inside the nucleus  Function:  Makes ribosomes

1. Plant 2. Animal 3. Bacteria 4. All of the above 0

1. Chloroplast 2. Vesicle 3. Cell wall 4. Cytoplasm

 Types of Cells:  All Cells  Structure:  Small organelles made of rRNA & protein  No membrane  Floating free in the cytoplasm or attached to Rough ER  Function:  Help make proteins  Link together amino acids by reading the genetic code

 Type of Cells:  Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist)  Structure:  Network of folded tubes or membranes  ROUGH ER: Ribosomes attached  SMOOTH ER: Nothing attached  Function:  Rough ER: help synthesize proteins  Smooth ER: synthesizes lipids & carbs. Also….detoxification!  Package materials (proteins or lipids) into transport vesicles

 Types of Cells:  Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist)  Structure:  membranous sac  Function:  transport of materials made by the cell (lipids, carbs, proteins)  Secrete materials to the outside of the cell

 Location:  Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist)  Structure:  Flattened membranous sacs (like a stack of pancakes)  Function:  Modifies lipids & proteins  Package materials into secretory vesicles to send them outside of the cell

1. Digestion of food 2. Movement of cell 3. makes lipids 4. Contains DNA

1. Cell Membrane 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Cytoplasm 4. Lysosome

1. Make lipids 2. Make proteins 3. Control the cell 4. Package and transport materials

1. Make lipids & carbs & detox 2. Control cell movement 3. Store nutrients 4. Help make proteins

 Types of Cells:  Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist)  Structure:  Fluid-filled membranous sacs  Larger in plants  Function:  Stores waste, food, water for later use

 Types of cells:  Animal cells  Some protists  Structure:  Small, round membranous sac that holds digestive enzymes  Function:  Breakdown large food particles  Digest old cell parts  “Clean up”

 Types of cells:  Eukaryotic cells  Structure:  Membranous sac  contain a variety of enzymes  Function:  rid the cell of toxic substances, and in particular, hydrogen peroxide (a common byproduct of cellular metabolism).

1. Transport materials 2. Control the cell 3. Store water and nutrients 4. Protect the cell

1. Rough ER 2. Smooth ER 3. Cytoplasm 4. Lysosome

 Types of Cells:  Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist)  Structure:  Bean-shaped  Folded inner membranes  Double outer membrane  Function:  Make energy (ATP)  Cellular Respiration occurs here  Convert glucose, oxygen, and water into useable energy (ATP)

 Types of cells:  Plant Cells  Structure:  Oval shaped  Double membrane  Thylakoids contain chlorophyll (green pigment)  Function:  Convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (food) and oxygen (photosynthesis)

 Endosymbiotic theory –  Mitochondria and chloroplasts, the two energy related organelles, arose when a large eukaryotic cell engulfed independent prokaryotes  This explains why they have a double membrane and why they have genetic material separate from the nucleus

1. Make lipids 2. Make proteins 3. Control the cell 4. Make energy

1. Mitochondria 2. Chloroplast 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Lysosomes

1. Plant 2. Animal 3. Eukaryote 4. Prokaryote

1. Nucleus 2. Endoplasmic reticulum 3. Cell Wall 4. Cell Membrane

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