The Protestant Reformation By Mrs. Lauterhahn World Civilizations

95 Theses What were the 95 Theses? List of ___________ distributed around Europe Written by monk __________ in 1517 Originated in __________ What did the Pope do? Banned the works This marked the beginning of the movement called the ______________ _____________.

Catholicism in the 1400’s Roman Catholic church had power in _____’s – Had a lot of influence and extravagance so people thought church was pulling away from its spiritual roots – This led to the reform movement called Protestant Reformation in the early _______’s

People Unhappy with the Church Why were people unhappy? – Financial ___________ – Abuse of _________ – Respect for _____ and _______ weakened – Heavy _____ because church financed the Renaissance artists but taxed the _____ and _____ classes to pay for it

Indulgences Indulgences were ______ issued by the _____ You can buy an indulgence to reduce your time in _________ This practice was highly criticized At this time, __________ also began to grow and people started devoting themselves to a nation rather than a ______.

Early Reformers 2 Important Reformers who criticized Church: – John Wycliffe He believed the Church should give up earthly possessions. He was even removed as a _______. – Jan Hus (yahn hoos) He was a _______ He started preaching against immortality and worldliness of the Church. He was excommunicated, arrested and tried for ______ He was then burned at the stake!!!!!!!!

Martin Luther Martin Luther believed: – Selling indulgences was _____ and they couldn’t forgive _____ – 95 Theses were written in _____ which most people didn’t understand – Purpose was to start a discussion among intellectuals – Because of ________ ______, they were published and read by everyone!!!!!!!

Martin Luther cont’d – Martin Luther believed that _____ alone was needed to remain in God’s good graces. – The ONLY HEAD OF THE CHURCH was _____, not the _____. – Christian practices should come from the _____ only so he translated the Bible into the _______ language.

Reactions to Luther Pope ______ X excommunicated Luther (that means he _______ him from the Church). Luther was asked to appear before Charles V (he was the new ____ _______ ______) and the German assembly at the City of ______. Luther refused to change his opinions Charles V handed down the _____ __ _____ which made Luther an outlaw.

Luther cont’d Luther’s ideas still spread He didn’t intend to start a new religion but he did!!! _________ became a branch of Christianity by – Charles V tried to stop the Lutherans in Germany. The Lutheran princes issued a PROTESTATIO (meaning _______). That’s how we get the word “Protestant”.

Spread of Protestantism Lutheranism rose in Germany New religious movements sprang up in __________ and other European countries

Spread of Protestantism – Ulrich Zwingli – from Switzerland. He was a Reformation _______ He preached similar to Luther, but pushed it further He was seen as a ________ The church he established had _________ at its base. Martin Luther opposed him because he thought Zwingli was messing with the word of God He ended up dying in battle in 1531.

What is Theocracy??? Theocracy is a government in which the _____ and ______ are joined and in which officials are considered to be divinely inspired.

John Calvin Next to Luther, he was the most important Protestant reformer. – He and Luther both rejected _________ – He was influenced by Renaissance __________ – He supported Martin Luther – He preached the Doctrine of _______________.

What is Predestination? God knows who will be saved before people are even born. There is nothing humans can do that will change their predestined end.

What is Calvinism? Took root in Geneva, Switzerland City became ________ under Calvin’s leadership Viewed people as ______ by nature Need strict laws to regulate people’s behavior Church attendance was __________! Laws controlled color of clothing, etc. Dancing, singing, jewelry were ___________. They didn’t mind the strictness – it gave them discipline!

Protestantism Spreads to England Henry VIII becomes King in 1509 at 17 years old. – He was a devout ______ and hated Luther so he was seen as a “Defender of the ______” – He had a daughter, but needed a boy. He thought his wife, Catherine, couldn’t give him a boy so he wanted his marriage declared invalid so he could _____. Pope said NO because ______ and his nephew, _______ __ opposed it.

– Henry falls in love with _____ ________. – He summons the Parliament (known as the Reformation Parliament). – Parliament declares England no longer under the Pope’s authority and Henry becomes the head of the _________ ___ ___________. – 1533 – Henry and Anne secretly marry and he has another girl. – 1534 – Parliament passes _____ __ __________requiring people to take oath declaring Henry VIII to be the “Supreme Head of the Church of England”. The break from Rome is now complete!!!

HENRY VIII cont’d Ends up with __ wives. 3 rd wife (Jane Seymour) gives him a male heir – called Edward VI. – Edward VI takes throne at age 9! – Dies at 16 and Henry’s daughter, ____, becomes the queen of England. Mary brings back authority of the _____ and many people are burned at the stake for their Protestant beliefs She is known as _______ ______.

What happens to Mary??? She dies and __________ I becomes queen. – She was a _________ and drafted a new Supremacy Act in This Act splits England from Rome again. – She persecuted anyone who dared to worship as __________.