Finish Motivations for Imperialism Activity Please get out your worksheet from yesterday about the motivations for Imperialism.

Pop Quiz for Candy! 1.What are the 3 economic things Europe wanted to get out of imperialism? 2.What ideology was used as a motivation for imperialism? 3.List two advantages the Europeans had over the Native Africans. 4.Why did European Imperialism take off in the 1880s? 5.What are the 4 forms of Imperial rule? 6.Which form of imperialism was “a foreign power governed internally within the country, and the colonized did not have rights or representation in government”? 7.What are the two methods of management? 8.Which method of management did Britain prefer?

The Scramble for Africa European Imperialism in Africa

Before European Domination Africa had hundreds of ethnic and language groups Europeans first explored Africa in the 1450s Powerful African armies had kept them out for 400 years

Missionaries begin to explore Late 1860s David Livingstone, a missionary from Scotland, travelled deep into Africa to promote Christianity Decided to explore rather than be a missionary & became an abolitionist Not heard from for years, presumed dead

Livingstone & Stanley American newspaper reporter travelled to Africa to find Livingstone Found him in the Congo - “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” This event created a frenzy in the press and sparked interest in exploring and colonizing Africa

Livingstone’s Significance Paved the way for the Scramble for Africa Inspired explorers and missionaries Inspired abolitionists

The Belgian Congo King Leopold of Belgium hired Stanley to explore the Congo for him in 1876 Leopold said he wanted to end slavery and promote Christianity- privately created a plan to develop the Congo (he did this independently of the Belgian govt.) But – he forced Africans to collect sap from rubber plants

The Belgian Congo Instituted a brutal, violent regime Held women hostage to force the men to work rubber plantations, cut off hands of those who did not deliver their quota (even children) At least 10 million Congolese died as a result Journalists uncovered the atrocities and the Belgian government forced Leopold to turn over the territory to the government in 1908.

1880 – The Scramble Begins Push for expansion comes from businessmen, missionaries and politicians French began to expand from West African coast toward western Sudan Discoveries of diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1886 in South Africa increased European interest in colonizing the continent.

The Berlin Conference To prevent conflict, European nations met at the Berlin Conference in to plan to division of Africa Decision: European countries could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of its claims and showing it could control the area No African rulers were invited to attend

Berlin Conference Activity Reading Group Activity Debrief/ Answer Questions

The Scramble for Africa – Day 2 Continued

You have 5 minutes to: Finalize your proposals Elect an ambassador who will present your demands to the class Next steps Present your territory demands Reach an agreement (class map)

Answer the following questions on your worksheet: 1.What similarities do you see between your Berlin Conference and the outcome of the actual conference? 2.Who was not represented at this conference? Why? 3.What challenges did the outcomes of the Berlin Conference create for the indigenous people of Africa? 4.How do you think the outcomes of the conference may affect the African people today?

Map of the New Africa 1914 Only Ethiopia and Liberia free from European control Which European power had the most colonies as of 1914? Which European power had the least colonies as of 1914?

Compare the maps: What statements can we make about European Colonization in Africa between 1850 and 1914 based on these maps?

How does this political cartoon represent the Berlin Conference?

Clashes over South Africa South Africa was one of the strongest centralized countries in Africa at this time Dutch (Boers) had settled there and took South Africans’ land to set up farms in the 1600s

South Africa In 1879, Zulus fought off British Despite using spears and shields, they almost won But in July of 1879, they lost the Battle of Ulundi and their kingdom to the British

Boer War Now British, Dutch and South Africans were fighting over the same land In 1899, the Boers (Dutch) fought the British in the Boer War Brutal war: Boers used guerrilla tactics British burned Boer farms and imprisoned women and children in concentration camps – 14,000 died Britain finally won

Averting War Read the document and answer the corresponding questions. You may do this individually or with a partner. To get full points, you must: Write in complete sentences Use evidence when you are asked to Highlight or underline the document (annotations)