Instructor name Class Title, Term/Semester, Year Institution © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts Personality Disorders

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Personality Disorders: Extremely Rigid Maladaptive Behavior Patterns A class of mental disorders characterized by rigid, long-term patterns of inflexible and maladaptive behavior that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society. Introductory Psychology Concepts: Personality Disorders

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3 Personality Disorder Types: Dramatic/Impulsive Antisocial: A disregard for social rules, norms, and cultural codes, charactized by Impulsive behavior Indifference to the rights and feelings of others Beginning in childhood and continuing past age 18 Histrionic: Excessive, dramatic, emotional reactions and attention seeking often sexually provocative; highly impressionable and suggestible; out of touch with negative feelings. Introductory Psychology Concepts: Personality Disorders SOURCE: Based on DSM-IV-TR, American Psychiatric Association, 2000

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4 Personality Disorder Types: Dramatic/Impulsive Narcissistic: Grandiose fantasies or behavior, lack of empathy, and oversensitivity to evaluation; constant need for admiration from others; proud self-display. Borderline: Pattern of severe instability of self-image, interpersonal relationships, emotions often expressing alternating extremes of love and hatred toward the same person; high frequency of manipulative suicidal behavior. Introductory Psychology Concepts: Personality Disorders SOURCE: Based on DSM-IV-TR, American Psychiatric Association, 2000

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 5 Personality Disorder Types: Anxious/Fearful Avoidant: Extreme social discomfort and timidity; feelings of inadequacy fearfulness of being negatively evaluated. Dependent: Extreme submissive and dependent behavior; fears of separation from those who satisfy dependency needs. Obsessive-Compulsive: Extreme perfectionism, orderliness, and inflexibility; preoccupied with mental and interpersonal control. Introductory Psychology Concepts: Personality Disorders SOURCE: Based on DSM-IV-TR, American Psychiatric Association, 2000

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6 Personality Disorder Types: Odd/Eccentric Schizoid: Indifference to social relationships and experience; displays a restricted range of expressed emotions. Schizotypal: Odd thoughts, appearance, and behavior; extreme discomfort in social situations. Paranoid: An unwarranted tendency to interpret the behavior of other people as threatening, exploiting, or harmful. Introductory Psychology Concepts: Personality Disorders SOURCE: Based on DSM-IV-TR, American Psychiatric Association, 2000

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 7 Causes of Personality Disorders Psychoanalytic: Antisocial neurosis caused by a person having not properly developed the superego (the conscience). Biological: Created through genetics and physiological factors. Behavioral: Learned via reinforcement; may be triggered by a loss or some other punishing event. Cognitive: A person’s perceptions, thoughts, or self-statements cause feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy. Family Issues: Caused from our surrounding culture, family, friends, and the presence or absence of a strong social-support network when dealing with negative factors. Introductory Psychology Concepts: Personality Disorders