1. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Abnormal Psychology, Eighth Edition by Gerald C. Davison and John M. Neale Lecture notes created by Paul J. Wellman, Texas A&M University PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 13 Personality Disorders Ch 13

2. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Personality Disorders refer to long-standing, pervasive and inflexible patterns of behavior –Depart from cultural expectations –Impair social and occupational functioning –Cause emotional distress Personality disorders are coded on Axis II of the DSM –Personality disorders can be a co-morbid condition for an Axis I disorder Personality Disorders Ch 13.1

3. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Personality disorders fall into three general clusters: –Persons in cluster A seem odd or eccentric Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal –Persons in cluster B seem dramatic, emotional or erratic Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic –Persons in cluster C appear as anxious or fearful Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder Clusters Ch 13.2

4. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Odd/Eccentric Cluster Paranoid personality disorder (PD) involves suspicion of others, hostility, jealousy –No hallucinations and no full-blown delusions are present in paranoid PD Paranoid PD occurs more frequently in men than in women Lifetime prevalence is about 1 percent Ch 13.3

5. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Schizoid personality disorder (PD) involves –Reduced social relations and few friends –Reduced sexual desire and few pleasurable activities –Indifference to praise or criticism –Lonely life style Prevalence of schizoid PD is less than 1 percent and occurs more commonly in men than women Odd/Eccentric Cluster Ch 13.4

6. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Schizotypal personality disorder (PD) involves –An attenuated form of schizophrenia Odd beliefs and magical thinking Recurrent illusions (things not present) Ideas of reference (hidden meaning) Behavior and appearance is eccentric Prevalence of schizotypal PD is about 3 percent and occurs slightly more commonly in men than women Odd/Eccentric Cluster Ch 13.5

7. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Etiology of the Odd/Eccentric Cluster These disorders are linked to schizophrenia and may represent a less severe form of the disorder –Schizophrenia has clear genetic determinants –Family studies reveal that relatives of schizophrenic patients are at increased risk for developing schizotypal PD as well as paranoid PD No clear pattern for schizoid PD Ch 13.6

8. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Borderline personality disorder (PD) involves –Impulsivity (gambling, spending, sexual sprees) –Instability in relationships, mood and self-image –Borderline PD persons are argumentative and difficult to live with Prevalence of Borderline PD is about 1-2 percent and occurs more commonly in women than men Dramatic/Erratic Cluster Ch 13.7

9. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Histrionic personality disorder (PD) involves –People who are overly dramatic and attention seeking –People who exhibit emotional displays but are emotionally shallow –People who are self-centered and overly concerned about physical attractiveness Prevalence of histrionic PD is about 2-3 percent and occurs slightly more commonly in women than men Dramatic/Erratic Cluster Ch 13.8

10. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Narcissistic personality disorder (PD) involves –A grandiose view of the person’s own importance –A strong sense of entitlement –A lack of empathy for others Prevalence of narcissistic PD is less than 1 percent and this disorder co-occurs with borderline PD Dramatic/Erratic Cluster Ch 13.9

11. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Antisocial personality disorder (PD) involves –The presence of conduct disorder before the age of fifteen Conduct disorder includes truancy, lying, theft, arson, running away from home and destruction of property –The continuation of these behaviors into adulthood Prevalence of antisocial PD is about 3% of men and 1 % of women Dramatic/Erratic Cluster Ch 13.10

12. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Etiology of Antisocial PD Family issues may play a role in the development of antisocial PD –Lack of affection –Severe parental rejection –Inconsistent (or no) discipline Twin studies show a greater concordance for antisocial PD in MZ twins relative to DZ twins Ch 13.11

13. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Avoidant personality disorder (PD) involves –People who are fearful in social situations –People who are keenly sensitive to criticism, rejection or disapproval –People whose lives and job are restricted by their fear of negative interactions Prevalence of Avoidant PD is about 1 percent and this disorder is co-morbid with dependent PD and borderline PD Anxious/Fearful Cluster Ch 13.12

14. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Dependent personality disorder (PD) involves –A lack of self confidence –A lack of a sense of autonomy –A view that others are powerful while they are weak Prevalence of Dependent PD is about 1.5 percent and occurs slightly more commonly in women than men Anxious/Fearful Cluster Ch 13.13

15. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder (PD) involves a person who –Is a perfectionist, but who does not complete projects –Is a ‘control freak” who must have their own way Prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive PD is about 1 percent and this disorder is co-morbid with avoidant PD Anxious/Fearful Cluster Ch 13.14

16. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Therapies for Personality Disorders Therapists treating PD patients are concerned about co-morbid Axis I disorders Therapy modalities include: –Antianxiety or antidepressive drugs –Psychodynamic therapy aims to change the person’s understanding of the childhood problems that underlie the PD –Behavioral and cognitive therapy focuses on specific symptoms and issues (e.g. social skills) Ch 13.15

17. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Copyright Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the copyright owner.