May 4/7, 2012 HookObjective Infographic textbook page 196 – answer on page 93 of notebook TSW review the early Republic through Reconstruction HomeworkAgenda Study for quiz!1.Quiz: VUS Notes: Republic to Reconstruction 3.Civil War Review Activity

From the New Republic to the Civil War Review # 2 SOL: VUS.5e-7

New Republic (VUS.5e, 6a) First Political Parties were result of different ideas about economic and foreign policies during the presidencies of George Washington and John Adams Major issues = Jay Treaty, Bank of the United States, conflict with France

First Political Parties FederalistsDemocratic-Republicans Led by John Adams & Alexander Hamilton Strong national Government Commercial economy Supported by Business in the North Led by Thomas Jefferson & James Madison Weak national Government Agricultural economy Supported by Farmers, and frontier settlers in the South

Election of 1800 Election of 1800: won by Thomas Jefferson ◦ 1 st Peaceful transfer of Power between Political Parties

Key Supreme Court Decisions: Marbury v. Madison (Judicial Review), McCulloch v. Maryland (Implied Powers) and Gibbons v. Ogden (national view of the economy) – Chief Justice John Marshall (VA); result: Supreme Court became an equal branch of government

War of 1812 British interference with US trade Western Expansion WAR OF 1812

War of 1812 Federalists Opposed; threatened to secede Claim to Oregon; increased migration to Florida

Westward Expansion (VUS.6c) Manifest Destiny – US has the right to stretch from Atlantic to Pacific ◦ Americans moved west looking for land to farm using railroads and canals ◦ Eli Whitney and the cotton gin led to “cotton kingdom” in deep South

Manifest Destiny Oregon claim from Louisiana War of 1812 Purchase From France; Mexicanexplored by Cession Lewis &Clark & From Mexican Sacajawea War (1848) (1803) Texas Annexed (1845) Florida (1819) Treaty with Spain

Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine = Europe should stay out of the Americas

Jackson’s Presidency (VUS.6d) Age of the Common Man more white men can vote and they do! New Political Parties: Federalists disappeared, Whigs and Know-Nothings were organized

Jackson’s Presidency Used “Spoils System” – gave government jobs to supporters Nullification Crisis: South Carolina refused to pay the Tariff of 1832 – Jackson threatened to send troops to collect it Forced the American Indians to move west (“Trail of Tears”)

Women’s rights movement: Seneca Falls Declaration by Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth C. Stanton

Sectional Tensions (VUS.6e)

Compromises over the westward expansion of slavery to balance power in Congress ◦ Missouri Compromise ◦ Compromise of 1850 ◦ Kansas-Nebraska Act

Missouri Compromise (1820) – drew a line through the Louisiana Purchase, North of line = Free; South of the line = Slave

Compromise of 1850 – California became Free state and Utah and New Mexico territories could choose to be slave or free; included a Fugitive Slave Law (required Escaped slaves to be Returned)

Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 – Kansas and Nebraska would have “popular sovereignty”; led to bloody fighting in Kansas and the development of the Republican Party to oppose the spread of slavery

Causes of the Civil War (VUS.7a) See “Sectional Tensions” section above! Dred Scott decision, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, weak presidents in 1850s, Lincoln’s call for troops in 1861

Events of the Civil War (VUS.7b, c) Election of Lincoln (1860) led to secession of Southern States; Robert E. Lee becomes Confederate general Election of Lincoln (1860) led to secession of Southern States; Robert E. Lee becomes Confederate general First shots at Ft. Sumter; Union victory at Antietam led to Emancipation Proclamation (freed slaves in rebelling states; made destruction of slavery a Northern war aim); Frederick Douglass convinced Abraham Lincoln to recruit African Americans into the Union Army First shots at Ft. Sumter; Union victory at Antietam led to Emancipation Proclamation (freed slaves in rebelling states; made destruction of slavery a Northern war aim); Frederick Douglass convinced Abraham Lincoln to recruit African Americans into the Union Army Gettysburg = turning point (Gettysburg Address) Gettysburg = turning point (Gettysburg Address)

Impact of the War (VUS.7e) All Americans affected by the war – ◦ Women: new roles on farms, as nurses, in factories ◦ Common Soldiers: brutal fighting, lonely; many wounded ◦ African Americans: Free but not equal, joined Union army

End of the War Lee surrendered to Union general Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox & ended the Civil War Lee surrendered to Union general Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox & ended the Civil War Lincoln wanted to have “malice towards none” during Reconstruction, but he was assassinated and the Radical Republicans made Reconstruction more harsh Lincoln wanted to have “malice towards none” during Reconstruction, but he was assassinated and the Radical Republicans made Reconstruction more harsh

Reconstruction (VUS.7d) Civil War Amendments: ◦ 13th – abolish slavery ◦ 14th – citizenship and equal protection under the law ◦ 15th – voting for African American men FREE CITIZENS VOTE

End of Reconstruction – Compromise of 1877 – followed election of 1876; Republicans agree to end the military occupation of the South and Southern Democrats support Republicans in electoral college Jim Crow era began – long period in which African Americans in the South were denied the full rights of American citizenship.

Results of Civil War and Reconstruction RegionsLeaders North = growing Industrial Economy; South = Devastated agricultural economy Robert E. Lee = President of Washington College; Ulysses S. Grant = President of the United States; Frederick Douglass = ambassador to Haiti