1. Articles of Confederation 1781-1787
The “Critical Period” – Establishing a stable United States Government s
Articles of Confederation
“League of Friendship” = weak Union
Unable to Tax 13 States effectively
No Executive or Judicial branch
…did pass NW Ordinance for new states
Unable to deal w/ Shays’ Rebellion 1786
US Constitution Compromises
Great Compromise = House + Senate
3/5 Compromise = slavery + representation
Electoral College = indirect Presidential election
Ratification Debate
+ Bill of Rights
Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
1st 10 Amendments = protect liberties
Free speech-press-religion-assembly-petition Right2BearArms Rights of the Accused States’ Rights/Reserved Power
Reasons 4 US Independence
Proclamation Line
Mercantilism Trade limits
“No Taxation w/out…”
T. Paine Common Sense
Hamilton Financial Plan
Debt Consolidation
Bank of United States
Tariffs for Industry
Whiskey Excise Tax
George Washington
precedents
Cabinet appointments
Hamilton Plan
Whiskey Rebellion
Neutrality foreign policy
2 Term Limit
Louisiana Purchase Treaty 1803
Port City = New Orleans
Control Mississippi River
Doubled USA territory
Treaty = loose interpretation

2. Articles of Confederation 1781-1787
The “Critical Period” – Establishing a stable United States Government s
Articles of Confederation
US Constitution Compromises
Ratification Debate
+ Bill of Rights
Reasons 4 US Independence 1. 2. 3. 4.
Hamilton Financial Plan D B T W
Louisiana Purchase Treaty
1803 1. 2. 3. 4.
George Washington
precedents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

3. Marbury v Madison = Judicial Review Marshall Court 1801-35
McCulloch v Maryland =
Federal Supremacy
Marshall
Court
Gibbons v Ogden =
Spoils System
=political favoritism
Veto of BUS
= eliminates power + corruption of National Bank
Andrew Jackson
Presidency
Trail of Tears
= enforces the Indian Removal Act

4. Monroe Doctrine 1823 Neutrality USA protects the Western Hemisphere
USA will not intervene in European Wars
Maine =
“Free State”
pleases NORTH
Missouri =
“Slave State”
pleases SOUTH
Missouri
Compromise
1820
36*30’
North Latitude = boundary prohibiting further slavery

5. Abolition Movement Frederick Douglass Harriet Tubman “The North Star”
Women’s Suffrage
Movement Begins
“We hold these truths…all
men + women are created equal “
Seneca Falls, NY Convention 1848
Elizabeth Cady Stanton = author
William Lloyd Garrison
“The Liberator”
newspaper
Frederick Douglass
“The North Star”
Abolition Movement
Harriet Tubman
Underground RR

6. Oregon Treaty 1846 Manifest Destiny 1840s Texas Annexation
NORTH =
More industrial + less slavery
Lowell Factory System
SOUTH =
Cotton plantations
+ more slavery
Sectionalism
North v South
South Carolina +
tariff nullification crisis
Oregon Treaty 1846
Texas Annexation
1845
Manifest Destiny
1840s
Mexican Cession 1848

7. = settlers decide slavery
California
= Free State
Popular Sovereignty
in New Mexico Territory
Compromise
0f 1850
Fugitive Slave Laws Strengthened
Popular Sovereignty
= settlers decide slavery
Results in “Bleeding Kansas”
Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
Opposed by new sectional Republican Party

8. Dred Scott 1857 US Supreme Court Decision
Slavery protected = property right
US Supreme Court Decision
Dred Scott
1857
Reinforces Popular Sovereignty
Failed Raid on US Arsenal
Goal = arm slaves to win freedom
John Brown
1859
Trial + Execution divided North v South

9. Election of 1860 11 States form CSA
Republican Abraham Lincoln Wins
Issue = Popular Sovereignty + spread of slavery
Election of 1860
Southern Democrats will begin secession
Southern States
11 States form CSA
Secession
Confederate against Lincoln + Republicans

10. Suspends Habeas Corpus Lincoln Executive Actions
Must stop Secession
North Union
Vs Southern Confederacy
Lincoln
Presidency
Lincoln faces criticism in North
Suspends Habeas Corpus
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln
Executive Actions
Pardons + POW issues

11. Sectionalism Challenges Nationalism
Manifest Destiny +Slavery = Civil War
Marshall, Monroe, Jackson =Nationalism
Marshall Court = Federal Supremacy
Monroe Doctrine = neutrality
President Jackson = powerful executive
BUS veto…to end corruption
Indian Removal Act enforced
Spoils system to remove opposition
Manifest Destiny reveals Sectionalism
1. Missouri Compromise 1820 =36*30’
2. Texas Annexation 1845
3. Mexican War +Mexican Cession
4. Compromise fugitive slave laws
5. Kansas-Nebraska popular sovereignty
Sectionalism / Secession / Lincoln
Dred Scott…slavery = property right
Republican Party = not in South
Lincoln Election = Southern secession
Lincoln must “preserve union”
Lincoln suspends habeas corpus + issues
Emancipation Proclamation
Why was President Jackson important ? 1. 2. 3. 4.
What events caused
11 States to secede? 1. 2. 3. 4.
What did Lincoln do
as President to
“preserve the Union” ? 1. 2. 3. 4.
What issues divided
America ? 1. 2. 3. 4.