1 Using Messages sent from machine to machine and stored for later reading. You will use a client to read –Type mail or pine in UNIX to read . –Use programs like Outlook on Windows. Different mail servers use the same protocols to communicate with each other.

2 Mail Servers SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) transfers mail between servers. The mail server runs a program (daemon) that listens for clients connecting so people can read or write mail. On UNIX this program is called sendmail. A single protocol helps to ensure that different servers can communicate with each other.

3 Mail Clients POP -- Post Office Protocol –Downloads all mail at once. –IMAP -- Interactive Mail Access Protocol, adds features to POP Some Clients –ELM –PINE (PINE Is Not Elm) –Outlook –Eudora –Netscape Mailer

4 Parts of an Body -- This is the actual message. Header -- information at the top of the message. –From: or Received: who sent the mail. –To: Where the mail goes. –Cc: Other people who will receive this mail. Bcc: Blind carbon copy -- a list of people who get a copy of the message but don’t get listed. –Subject: What the mail is about. –Date: When the mail was sent.

5 The mail command You can use the mail command in several ways: –mail -- by itself, it opens your messages and lets you read them –mail -- lets you compose a message to someone at a certain address. –mail -s (subject) -- lets you send a message to someone at an address, with a certain subject. –mail -s (subject) < text_file -- lets you send a message to someone with text_file as the body of the .

6 Using mail When you are writing the mail message body, use ^D or. to end editing and send the message. If cc: shows up, this is a list of other addresses you can enter if you wish to send a message to other people. ^C will kill a mail message you are typing.

7 Mail commands These commands are used at the & prompt –q -- quit and save –x -- quit without making any changes. –R or r -- reply to a message (r = senders and recipients, R = senders only.) –f -- view the message headers. –p or t -- show those messages

8 More mail commands d -- delete messages. u -- undelete messages. s -- append the messages to with headers. w -- append messages to -- message only.

9 Message Editing Commands Use these while writing the actual message –~r -- Add a file into the message. –~f -- add another into the message (forwarding). –~w -- write the message to a file. –~q -- quit without saving –~p -- print the contents of the message.

10 Header Editing While editing a message you may use… ~h -- lets you edit the header (to, subject, cc, bcc) These may also work: –~s -- edit the subject. –~t -- edit the to list. –~c -- edit the cc (carbon copy) list. –~b -- edit the bcc (blind carbon copy) list.

11 Other Features alias -- combine addresses -alias me file – send mailto another address. –Forward to self to get a copy on the sending machine. Listservs -- automatic mailing lists.

12 PINE A menu-driven client Uses pico as an editor Allows MIME attachments Main Menu –C - Compose to write a message –I or L - View messages –Q - Quit

13 MIME Attachments Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension Add pictures, files to s Can be dangerous with executables. Pine uses MIME instead of plain inclusion. Filename on attachment line when writing.