INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY I. What is Chemistry II. The Scientific Method III. Vocabulary Related to Research and the Scientific Method

I. What is Chemistry A. Definition – chemistry is the study of the composition, structure and properties of matter and the changes it under goes Composition Structure H 2 0

Properties: Chemical – splits into hydrogen and oxygen when subjected to electric current Physical – liquid at room temperature, boils at 100 ̊ C 2H2O  2H2 + O2 2H2O  2H2 + O2 Changes it undergoes:

B. Matter – has mass and takes up space 1. mass – measures amount of matter 2. volume – measures the amount of space occupied by matter

I.Chemistry B. Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space All matter is composed of chemicals Characteristics: 1.Mass vs. weight Mass is amount of matter Weight is the force of gravity on an object 2.Inertia – resistance to change in motion 3.Energy – ability to do work (potential and kinetic)

I. What is Chemistry C. What are the branches of Chemistry 1. Organic – study of compounds containing carbon 2. Inorganic – study of compounds that do not contain carbon

Organic Chemistry Study of carbon containing compounds derived from living things (oil, gas, fossils) I.Chemistry C. Branches

Inorganic Chemistry Study of inorganic compounds (rocks, minerals, fertilizers) I.Chemistry C. Branches

I. What is Chemistry 3.Physical – study of changes in and behavior of matter and the accompanying energy changes 4.Analytical – study of the composition of matter 5.Biochemistry – chemistry of organisms (their composition and processes)

Biochemistry Chemistry of living things I.Chemistry C. Branches

Physical Chemistry Reaction mechanisms, energy exchanges –energy efficiency of household refrigerators and freezers –measurement and modeling of "on- road" vehicle emissions –flow and solidification of metals during casting I.Chemistry C. Branches

Analytical Chemistry Measures the chemical composition of natural and artificial materials Areas of medicine, environment, industry, food I.Chemistry C. Branches

II. The Scientific Method A. Identify the problem make observation(question) B. Make a hypothesis based upon observations relating to the problem C. Experiment to test the hypothesis D. Collect and analyze the data/results E. Make a conclusion based on the results of the experiment

III. Vocabulary Related to Research and the Scientific Method A. Observations and Inference 1. Qualitative observation – based on the five senses 2.Quantitative observations – based on measurement 3.Inference – to derive a conclusion from facts or premises (an interpretation of observations)

III. Vocabulary Related to Research and the Scientific Method B. Intensive and Extensive Properties 1.Intensive – properties that do not depend upon the amount of matter a. density, melting point, boiling point 2.Extensive – properties that do depend upon the amount of matter a. length, mass, volume

III. Vocabulary Related to Research and the Scientific Method C.Dependent and Independent Variables 1.Dependent variable – value changes in response to the independent variable 2. Independent variable – the variable manipulated by the person doing the experiment

III. Vocabulary Related to Research and the Scientific Method D. Theories and Laws 1.Theory – explanation supported by many experiments but may be subject to change as a result of further research 2.Law – explanation that has no exceptions and is not subject to change

III. Vocabulary Related to Research and the Scientific Method E. Applied and Pure Research (Science) 1.Applied – solves a specific problem 2.Pure – gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge * Technology – practical use of information resulting from pure and applied research

Observation Question/purpose Hypothesis (if question) Experiment –Control and –experimental group –Collect data (qualitative –and quantitative) Analysis Conclusion –Theory –Law