Cell Organelles Learning Intentions: 1. Recognize the cell as the basic unit of living things. 2. Describe the structure of a generalized plant and animal cell and describe the functions of the cellular components and organelles.
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The Cell Cells are the basic unit of living things Cells are the basic unit of living things - All living things are made of 1 or more cells Cells are tiny! Cells are tiny!
Two general types of cell Prokaryotic cell Before the Nucleus Simple circular DNA chain No membrane bound organelles Eukaryotic cell The true Nucleus Folded DNA Membrane bound organelles
Animal Cells Do not have a regular shape Some can alter their shape eg. Phagocytes or amoeba Contain some different organelles than plants
Organelles This is the name given to the ‘organs’ of the cell. This is the name given to the ‘organs’ of the cell. Each organelle has a particular role to play in the cells function Each organelle has a particular role to play in the cells function You will need to know: You will need to know: Plasma MembraneRibosomes MicrovilliEndoplasmic Reticulum NucleusGolgi BodiesVacuole LysosomesMitochondriaCentrioles ChloroplastsCell wallCytoskeleton _structure/cell_structure.htm _structure/cell_structure.htm
Centrioles - Involved in cellular division - Paired cylindrical organelles near nucleus - Composed of nine tubes, each with three tubules Cytoskeleton - Composed of microtubules - Supports cell and provides shape - Aids movement of materials in and out of cells
Golgi apparatus - Protein packaging and transport - A membrane structure found near nucleus - Composed of numerous layers forming a sac Endoplasmic reticulum - Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system - Smooth type: lacks ribosomes - Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface
Lysosome - Digestive 'plant' for proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates - Digests wastes and Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Mitochondria - Second largest organelle - Double-layered outer membrane with inner folds called cristae - Energy-producing chemical reactions take place on cristae
Ribosomes - Each cell contains thousands - Site of protein synthesis. Vacuoles - Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal - Contains water solution - Contractile vacuoles for water removal (in unicellular organisms)
Cell Membrane The outer covering of the cell consisting of a lipid bilayer ( this means 2 layers of lipids) with proteins embedded in it.outercell sanahalpine. com/anim/Lif e/memb.htm
Your task You are to make your own cell using lollies Draw a cell membrane on a piece of paper Ribosomes: Endoplasmic Reticulum: Nucleus: Pineapple lump Golgi Bodies: Vacuole: Lysosomes: baby apples Mitochondria:Centrioles Cell wall Cytoskeleton
Todays lesson Identify plant cell organelles Recap animal organelles
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Nucleus 3 Parts: 1. Nuclear envelope: keeps shape of nucleus. Has pores to allow some molecules in and out 2. Chromatin/ chromosomes: These are made of DNA. Chromatin is the name when DNA is unwound. Chromosomes when it is wound 3. Nucleolus: A round circle. Seen when Cell is not dividing. Produces Ribosomes.
Plant cells Hold a fixed shape Enclosed in a cellulose wall Have parts animal cells don’t
Cell Wall Made of cellulose Protects the cell Supports cell and maintains shape Limits cell volume preventing excessive water uptake
Large vacuole Filled with aqueous solution of ions Very large Storage of compounds Waste disposal Hold structure
Chloroplast Contain chlorophyll Used for photosynthesis Thylakoids (flat discs) are stacked into piles. These piles are called ‘Grana’. Fluid is called stroma Grana are connected by ‘lamallae’ by ‘lamallae’
Root hair cell Palisade cell
Guard cell Pollen grain
Xylem and Phloem