1. CELLS 2 TYPES PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC
Pro= Before Karya= greek for Kernel or NUCLEUS
Prokaryotic = Before Nucleus –these cells have no nucleus
Eu= True, so- Eukaryotic= true nucleus- these cells have a nucleus

2. PROKARYOTES No Nucleus No Membrane Bound Organelles
Very small um in size
First cellular organisms- 3.5 bya
EUBACTERIA and ARCHAEBACTERIA

3. EUKARYOTES True Nucleus Have organelles
Larger than prokaryotes – um in size
Not as “old” – 1.5 bya
All other types of cells

4. MITOCHONDRIA Cellular Power Plants- produce energy (ATP) Made of
2 membranes
Cristae – folds in inner membrane (increase surface area)
Empty space= Matrix

5. NUCLEUS Contains DNA and RNA
Surrounded by double membrane- contains nuclear pores- allow communication with the cell
Contains the NUCLEOLUS- produces ribosomes

6. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM(ER) aka The Intracellular Highway
2 Types- SMOOTH and ROUGH
ER is continuous w/ nuclear membrane
Smooth- synthesizes parts of membrane, lipids, steroids and ships ‘em out
Rough- (dotted with ribosomes)- Synthesize proteins and passes ‘em on to the GOLGI

7. GOLGI APPARATUS Membrane bound structure- flattened sacs
Packaging/Shipping Plant -packages proteins & different molecules in vesicles - transports to other parts of the cell or out

8. RIBOSOMES Protein factories- takes RNA from nucleus and makes proteins
Made of 2 subunits
Can be found floating in the cytosol, on the rough ER, or in mitochondria
If in Cytosol- make proteins for use in the cell
If in Rough ER- make proteins to be shipped out

9. VACUOLES & LYSOSOMES Vacuole- many kinds
cellular garbage can- holds cellular material and helps release waste
Storage tank
Contractile vacuole (in protists)=water pump
Lysosome- aid in digestion (Lyse- means to break down)
What happens to a tadpoles tail?

10. CILIA and FLAGELLA Both function in movement
Both composed of microtubules
Cilia= tiny hairs
Flagellum= cellular tail

11. CENTRIOLES Made of microtubules Play a role in cell division
Help to move chromosomes into new cells

12. CYTOSOL & CYTOSKELETON
Cytosol- Soupy like substance where all organelles are housed
Cytoskeleton- made of microtubules- maintains cell shape and helps in cell movement

13. DIFFERENCES IN PLANT CELLS
1. Chloroplast
2. Cell Wall
3. Vacuole

14. CHLOROPLAST Found only in plant cells Where photosynthesis happens
Contain Chlorophyll
Made of 2 parts
Stroma- substance around grana
Grana (grain)- stacks of THYLAKOIDS- where photosynthesis goes down

15. CELL WALL Rigid layer of cellulose outside of the cell membrane
Provides 2 things:
PROTECTION
STRUCTURE (why don’t plants fall over?!)

16. VACUOLE Much larger in plant cells (1/2-2/3 of cell)
Stores water, sometimes pigments, and other nutrients
Also used for support and holding waste