1. End Show Slide 1 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

2. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 2 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Eukaryotic Cell Structures Plant Cell Nuclear envelope Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached) Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Vacuole Nucleolus Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell wall Cell membrane Chloroplast

3. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 3 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Eukaryotic Cell Structures Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached) Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane Nucleus Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Centrioles Animal Cell

4. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 4 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Membranes Double layer of Phospholipids – barrier Proteins embedded in lipids Receptors, Carriers & Connections Fluid Mosaic Model – membrane is a liquid with proteins floating around in it. Selectively permeable – only certain things can pass in or out of the cell.

5. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 5 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Membrane Cell membranes lipid bilayer. Lipid bilayer

6. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 6 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Membrane Protein molecules embedded within. Protein channel Proteins Carbohydrate chains

7. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 7 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Walls Cell Wall The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cell.

8. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 8 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Eukaryotic Cell Structures Cytoplasm Mostly made up of water Contains all cell organelles Carries out all cell chemistry Moves by cytoplasmic streaming

9. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 9 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus The Nucleus is the control center of the cell. Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Nuclear pores Chromatin

10. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 10 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane. The membrane has many large pores. Nuclear envelope Nuclear pores

11. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 11 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus Chromatin consists of DNA bound to protein. Chromosomes are coiled chromatin strands. Chromatin

12. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 12 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus Most nuclei also contain a nucleolus. The nucleolus is where RNA is produced. Nucleolus

13. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 13 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Mitochondrion Mitochondria produce energy for the cell. Mitochondria have a double membrane. The inner membrane (cristae) is highly folded. The cristae contain enzymes for respiration.

14. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 14 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Endoplasmic Reticulum Double layered membranes 3-D system of canals folding back and forth around the cell The endoplasmic reticulum is a transport system for proteins.

15. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 15 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

16. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 16 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER is covered with ribosomes. Smooth ER does not have ribosomes. Ribosomes produce all cell proteins.

17. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 17 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Size Lab - Data Table

18. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 18 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Golgi Apparatus The Golgi packages proteins from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion out of the cell.

19. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 19 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Golgi Apparatus The Golgi appears as a stack of membranes with many vesicles around it.

20. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 20 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Lysosomes Lysosomes are filled with digestive enzymes.

21. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 21 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Vacuoles Single membrane sacs for storage. Types: Water vacuoles Food vacuoles Contractile vacuoles Pigment storage

22. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 22 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Vacuoles Plant have a single, large central vacuole. The pressure provides internal support. Vacuole

23. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 23 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Vacuoles The paramecium contains a contractile vacuole that pumps excess water out of the cell. Contractile vacuole

24. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 24 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Chloroplast Chloroplasts Chloroplasts capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

25. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 25 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes. The inner membrane is stacked (grana). The grana contain enzymes for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

26. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 26 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides support & movement movement. The cytoskeleton is made up of: Microfilaments – thin, thread-like microtubules – hollow tubes

27. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 27 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytoskeleton Ribosomes Mitochondrion Endoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane Microtubule Microfilament

28. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 28 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytoskeleton Centrioles are located near the nucleus to organize cell division. There are 2 at right angles to each other. Cilia – many, short, whip-like action Flagella – few, long, propeller action

29. End Show Slide 29 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible as a.a dense region called the nucleolus. b.the nuclear envelope. c.granular material called chromatin. d.condensed bodies called chloroplasts.

30. End Show Slide 30 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials and helping to a.break down organelles. b.assemble proteins. c.maintain homeostasis. d.make new organelles.

31. End Show Slide 31 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Chloroplasts are found in the cells of a.plants only. b.plants and some other organisms. c.all eukaryotes. d.most prokaryotes.

32. End Show Slide 32 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus? a.synthesize proteins. b.modify proteins. c.sort proteins. d.package proteins.

33. End Show Slide 33 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? a.manufactures new cell organelles b.assists in movement of some cells from one place to another c.releases energy in cells d.modifies, sorts, and packages proteins