 Hazardous Waste is only a small portion of the waste generated in the workplace, but by far the most harmful to the nature and the environment. GH.Asgari

Characteristic Hazardous Waste  A solid waste may also be classified as hazardous if it exhibits one or more of the following characteristics:  Ignitability  Corrosivity  Reactivity  Toxicity  Located in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Section thru (The waste a listed hazardous waste  Mixture of solid waste GH.Asgari

Toxicity

Listed Hazardous Waste  Four Separate Lists  Non-specific Source Wastes - “F”  Specific Source Wastes - “K”  Commercial Chemical Products -“P” & “U”  Located in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Section thru GH.Asgari

Legislations on hazardous waste RCRA ( Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ) CERCLA ( Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ) SARA ( Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act ) TSCA ( Toxic Substances Control Act) GH.Asgari

International hazardous waste conventions  Basel convention  Waigani convention GH.Asgari

Aim and objectives The aim and objectives of this global convention are as flows : To reduce Transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes Subject to the Basel Convention to a minimum consistent with their environmentally sound management. To dispose of the hazardous wastes and other wastes generated as close as possible to their source of generation. GH.Asgari

To minimize generation of hazardous wastes in terms of quantity and Hazardousness To ensure strict control over movements of hazardous wastes across borders. To prohibit shipments of hazardous wastes to countries lacking the legal, Administrative and technical capacity to manage and dispose of them in an environmental sound manner To assist developing countries and countries with economies in transition in the environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other wastes that they generate. Aim and objectives GH.Asgari

Elements of hazardous waste management Waste minimization Transportation to processing and/or disposal facilities Treatment and processing to reduce or eliminate toxicity,to reduce the volume, and to immobilize contaminates Secure longe-term storage and disposal GH.Asgari

Waste minimization Source reduction at the point of generation Input material change Material purification Material substitution Technology changes Process change Equipment change Process automation Product changes Product substitution Product concentration Good housekeeping practices Management and personnel practices Waste stream segregation Inventory control Loss prevention Recycling both on-and-off- sit

Recycling both on-and-off-site Primary recycling Recovery or salvage Reprocessing Reuse Secondary materials Secondary recycling Secondary reuse GH.Asgari

TThe EPA cradle-to-grave hazardous waste management system attempts to track hazardous waste from generation to ultimate disposal. TThis procedure is designed to ensure that waste are direct to,and actually reach, permitted disposal sites Hazardous waste transportation GH.Asgari

Generator requirements OObtaining and EPA ID number PProper handling of hazardous waste before transport EEstablishing a manifest of hazardous waste RRecordkeeping and reporting

Proper handling of hazardous waste before transport  Pretransport regulations Pretransport regulations are designed to ensure safe transportation of a hazardous waste from original to ultimate disposal : To minimization the environmental and safety impacts of accidental releases. To facilitate control of any releases that may occur during transportation GH.Asgari

Proper handling of hazardous waste before transport  These regulations require :  proper packaging  Labeling, marking or placarding  Waste accumulation  A generator may accumulate hazardous waste on- site for 90 days or less, provided the following requirements are met :  Proper storage  Emergency plan  Personnel training GH.Asgari

Transporters and carriers  Transporters and carriers Hazardous materials transportation act and other regulation Modes of transport :  Trucks  Rail  Ship and Aircraft GH.Asgari

Hazardous waste treatment, storage, and deposal requirements  Owners and operators must : Conduct waste analyses before a starting treatment,storage or disposal Install security measures to prevent inadvertent entry people or animal into active portions of the TSDF Conduct inspections Conduct training Properly manage ignitable reactive or incompatibles Comply with local standards GH.Asgari

Preparedness and prevention FFacilities must be equipped with: An internal communication or alarm system Portable fire extinguishers Water at adequate volume and pressure to supply water hoses GH.Asgari

Preparedness and prevention  Owners and operators of TSDs must make arrangements to : Familiarize police, fire and emergency response teams Designate primary and alternate emergency response teams Familiarize local hospital with the properties of hazardous waste GH.Asgari

Hazardous waste treatment and disposal alternatives  Waste management option  Source reduction  Separation and volume reduction  Exchange/sale as raw material  Energy recovery  Treatment  Secure ultimate disposal ( landfill) GH.Asgari

Principal objective of hazardous waste treatment Toxicity reduction Conversion to forms that can subsequently be processed by other technology Total elimination ( complete destruction ) Volume reduction Immobilization GH.Asgari

Treatment technologies used to process hazardous waste Biological methods Physicochemical processes Stabilization and solidification Thermal destruction

Hazardous waste storage Containers Tanks Surface impoundments Waste piles Landfill Underground injection GH.Asgari

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