Presented by Chaky

About This book is about How to become successful learner How to become self-regulated

What is self-regulation? The ability of learners to control the factors or conditions affecting their learning Teacher is bad Textbook is confusing Room is noisy Very tight schedule Self regulated students find a way to learn

Example of self-regulation Factors Self-regulated behavior & attitude Textbook is confusing Underlining, summarizing, make a chart Room is noisy Find a better room Tired Take a break and eat some pizza Teacher is bad Consult internet resources Very tight schedule Manage time and plan tasks

Why are some individuals less successful learners? Reasons Typical attitudes 1 They hold faulty beliefs about their ability, learning and motivation “I am not capable…” “I am not born intelligent…” 2 They are not aware of their ineffective learning behavior Study a lot vs. study efficiently “I got good grades in my high school, why should I change my learning strategies…” 3 They fail to sustain effective learning and motivational strategies “I feel so tired…” “This course is too boring…I cannot take it anymore…” 4 They are not ready to change their learning and study behavior “Why do I need to change?”

6 Components of self-regulation Non self-regulated Self-regulated 1 Motivation Give up a task easily Self-motivated; self-talk to move on 2 Methods of learning Stick with one familiar methods Constantly improve and monitor their methods of learning 3 Use of time “I don’t have time” Prioritize tasks; Plan schedule 4 Physical environment “My room is so noisy” “I go to the library to study before exams” 5 Social environment Do not seek help from others; afraid of appearing dumb Seek help from appropriate ones 6 Monitor performance “I do badly on the test…so unlucky” “I evaluate results from the test and determine how I should improved”

So how to change behavior? Self-observation and Evaluation Goal setting and strategies planning Strategic-Outcome Monitoring Strategic implementation and monitoring

1. Motivation

Motivation Four kind of people: Motive to Approach Success Low High Motive to avoid failure Failure Acceptors Success-Oriented Students Failure Avoiders Overstrivers

Motivation Learn insights about your motivation: What are my goals? Why I want to achieve this goal? What are my hopes, expectations, and fear about the future? What are the causes of my successes and failure?

Motivation Goals greatly influence motivation Two kind of goals Mastery goal Self-improvement Performance goal Can be better than others Student with mastery goal is more likely to try harder than student with performance goal

Do you know where you are going? Goal setting

Motivation SMART goals Specific “I want to get A” Measurable “I want to get into Harvard University” Action-oriented “I want to finish my homework everyday before playing games” Realistic Timely “…before September”

Motivation SMART Goals Poor: I want to do well in English. Better: I want an A on my next essay in English Poor: I want to study my mechanics textbook. Better: I want to read Chapter 7 in my mechanics textbook this evening and answer the problems at the end of the chapter.

Motivation Self-efficacy and attributions are important for motivation “I can do it” vs. “I cannot change” “I failed because of luck” vs. “I failed because I need to try harder” Positive emotions facilitate motivation Bad emotions include anxiety and worry Fear of failure is a significant reason student behave away from success

Motivation Managing emotions Crooked A---C Thinking (Irrational thinking) causes A C Activating Consequences: Event Emotional and Behavioral

Motivation Managing Emotions Straight A---B---C thinking (rational emotive therapy) Actives/triggers Causes A----------------B--------------------C Activating Beliefs and Consequences: Event self-talk Emotional & Behavioral

Some Irrational Thinking Patterns A: Everyone seems so smart C: I don’t think I can do well in class B: I think I am not born smart as them A: My friend did not listen to my feeling C: I am really angry B: I feel I am not important to my friend A: He waste my time A: He wastes my time B: I think he did not prepare enough A: Professor does not like me C: I am not happy B: I think I am not important to him

Motivation Self-talk is the key to positive emotion; we should avoid these following type of self-talk Type Characteristics Attitudes Change to Worrier Imagines worst situation “What if….” “I can do it” Critic Judge yourself harshly “I am so stupid” “I believe myself” Victim Feels helpless or hopeless “I cannot change” “I can continue and do slowly at a time” Perfectionist Unhappy with flaws “I should…I must….” “It’s okay to make mistakes…”

2. Learning strategies

Methods of learning Types of strategies Rehearsal (short term memory) copying, taking verbatim notes, reciting words and definitions Elaboration (link to previous knowledge) summarization, make notes, answering question Organizational (provide structure) Select main idea Outlining Mapping

What Research Tells Us About Good Readers Determining importance Summarizing information Drawing inferences Generating questions Monitoring comprehension

3. Use of time

Time management Control time = control life Usual problem is not lack of time, but is poor time management First step toward time management Assess present use of time and time wasted Second step Determine goal Prioritize tasks

Determine goal and prioritize task Urgent vs. Important Quadrant 1: Important/Urgent Crisis Pressing problems Projects at last minute Quadrant 2: Important/Not Urgent Planning Writing ideas Reading books Meditation Long-term projects Quadrant 3: Urgent/Not Important Interruptions Time-specific but non-essential events Quadrant 4: Not Urgent/Not Important TV Internet Chat

Time Management Procrastination is number one enemy “Let’s do it tomorrow” Counter-procrastination techniques Using self-talk “If I do it now, I can relax later” Give self rewards “If I complete 50%, I will order a pizza” Break task into smaller tasks “I’ll complete this page” Don’t finish everything, just around 80%

Identify Your Favorite Procrastination Beliefs It’s not due yet. I work better under pressure. I don’t feel like doing it now. I don’t know where to begin. I’m too tired. I need to sleep on it. Before I start, I think I’ll take a break. I need a good stiff drink first. Someone else might do it, if I wait.

4&5: Physical and social environment

Management of Physical Environment Evaluating study environments Improve attention Consider: Where attention got misdirected and the type of distraction (internal or external) Manage internal and external distractions

Management of Social Environment Help seeking When or when should not seek help from others? Student should know that seeking help is not “dumb” Should maintain regular contact with the knowledgeable Should improve communication skills Be a active listener Ask question and interact

6. Monitoring performance

Evaluating performance Goal Performance Gap Actual Time

What are the major components that influence academic success? Motivation (Why?) Methods of learning (How?) Use of time (When?) Control of one’s physical environment (Where?) Control of one’s social environment (With whom?) Control of one’s performance (What?)

So how to change behavior? Self-observation and Evaluation Goal setting and strategies planning Strategic-Outcome Monitoring Strategic implementation and monitoring