1. Chapter 6
Time Management
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016

2. Agenda Learning Objectives Time Management vs. Procrastination
Covey’s 4 Quadrants
Time Management Strategies
Procrastination
Causes of
Procrastination Elimination Strategies
Discussion
Chapter 7 Preview
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016

3. Learning Objectives
Identify key differences between time management and procrastination.
Use Covey’s 4 Quadrants to determine your level of time management.
Evaluate your strengths and challenges with time management and identify appropriate, effective time management strategies that you will implement.
Understand the root causes of procrastination.
Evaluate your challenges with procrastination and identify appropriate procrastination elimination strategies that you will implement.
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016

4. Time Management vs. Procrastination
Skill
Do you understand how to organize your time?
Knowledge
Do you need to learn how to manage your time to accomplish all of your work?
Manage tasks
Do you know how to prioritize your responsibilities?
Will
Do you not feel like dedicating the adequate amount of time to a task?
Motivation
Do you need motivation to start the tasks you set aside time for?
Manage affect
Do you feel overwhelmed with the number of tasks you have to accomplish?
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016 4

5. Prioritizing Tasks NOT Urgent Urgent Important NOT Important
Quadrant 1:
Projects due immediately
Exam tomorrow
Quadrant 2:
Essay due in a week
Exercise
Goal setting
Quadrant 3:
Other people’s small problems
Peer pressure
Quadrant 4:
Too much screen time
Too many naps
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016

6. Prioritizing Tasks Urgent NOT Urgent Important NOT Important Q1: Q2:
The Procrastinator
Stressed out
Burned out
Q2:
The Prioritizer
Vision
Balance
Control
Q3:
The Yes-Person
Resentment
Feels Used
Q4:
The Slacker
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016

7. Time Management Strategies
Create an environment that is relatively free of distractions and interruptions.
Take short breaks.
Be specific in identifying how you plan to use your time.
Alternate subjects when you have a long time block available for study.
Estimate the time needed for each assignment.
Prioritize tasks.
Schedule tasks so they can be accomplished in 30- to 60- minute blocks of time.
Do the assignments for the course you dislike first.
Work ahead of your assignments when possible.
Take down any appointments as soon as you make them in your smart phone or calendar.
Use technology to manage your time.
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016

8. Developing a System of Time Planning and Management
Semester Calendar
Weekly Priority Tasks List
Weekly Schedule
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016

9. Are you a procrastinator?
Procrastinators:
Overestimate the time they have left to perform tasks
Underestimate the time it takes to complete tasks
Overestimate how motivated they will feel the next day, the next week, the next month, etc.
Think that succeeding at a task requires that they feel like doing it
Believe that working when not in the mood is suboptimal

10. What is procrastination?
The voluntary delay of an intended course of action past the time most likely to produce the desired performance (Steel, 2007).
Can result in poor academic performance, negative emotions such as shame and guilt, and depression (Steel, 2007).
47% of the time that anyone spends online may involve procrastination (Lavoie & Pychyl, 2001).
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016

11. What are the causes of procrastination?
Lack of conscientiousness
associated with poor time management, work discipline, self-control, and responsibility
Avoidance
associated with fear of failure and anxiety
(Ferrari, Johnson, & McCown, 1995)
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016

12. Procrastination Elimination Strategies
Time-telling
Prompts: reminder notes
Reinforcement
The bits-and-pieces approach
The 5-minute plan
The 80% success rule
Social support for task completion
Establish a set time for a routine
Modify the environment
Challenging and changing beliefs and misperceptions.
Exercise 6.3: Challenge Irrational Beliefs
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016

13. Discussion Questions
How well do you manage your time/tasks? What time management strategies could you implement to hone your time management skills?
What are the key differences between time management and procrastination?
How is procrastination related to self-worth? How is it related to perfectionism?
On what tasks do you tend to procrastinate? What may be the underlying cause?
What procrastination elimination strategies could you implement to combat procrastination tendencies?
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016

14. Preview of Chapter 7: Self-Regulation of the Physical & Social Environment
After studying Chapter 7 you will be able to:
improve your attention and concentration;
select or modify study environments;
work more effectively in groups;
prepare for and benefit from meetings with tutors and instructors.
Giving students a preview of the next unit/chapter is a great way to get them engaged in learning and support them in self-regulating.
NOTE: If you are using this book out of order (as recommended), you can find the preview of other chapters at the end of the PowerPoint for the previous chapter.
© Routledge/Taylor & Francis 2016