Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Prepared By: Renee Brokaw University of North Carolina, Charlotte This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. 1

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Unit 4 Presentational Speaking 2

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 11 Developing Your Presentation 3

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Audience Centered Approach 4

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Understanding Speaker Anxiety 80% of population fears public speaking Public speaking feared more than death The illusion of transparency is wrong 5

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Managing Anxiety Know how to develop presentation Be prepared Focus on your audience Focus on the message –Habituation (speech progression = comfort) 6

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Managing Anxiety Give yourself a mental pep talk Use deep breathing techniques Seek opportunities to speak 7

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Managing Anxiety Seek professional help –Systemic desensitization –Performance visualization 8

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question Research in the area of speaker anxiety has found that approximately ___ of speakers experience anxiety A.20% B.40% C.60% D.80% 9

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer Research in the area of speaker anxiety has found that approximately ___ of speakers experience anxiety A.20% B.40% C.60% D.80% 10

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Selecting and Narrowing Your Topic Analyze the audience Consider the occasion Explore your interests and experiences Conduct silent brainstorming 11

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Selecting and Narrowing Your Topic Scan web directories and web pages Listen and read 12

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Identify Your Purpose General Purpose To inform To persuade To entertain Specific Purpose Specifies goals Guides development “At the end of my speech you will… 13

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Developing Your Central Purpose 14 Foreign-language education Topic To explain need for foreign- language education Specific Purpose Education should begin in elementary school Central Idea

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question Which of the following identifies what your audience should know or be able to do by the end of the presentation? A.General purpose B.Specific purpose C.Central idea D.Supporting material 15

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer Which of the following identifies what your audience should know or be able to do by the end of the presentation? A.General purpose B.Specific purpose C.Central idea D.Supporting material 16

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Audience-Centered Idea 17 Inappropriate Taking advanced placement classes in high school can fulfill your general education requirements. Appropriate Taking web-based classes can help fill your general studies requirement.

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc A Single Topic Multiple topics Clubbing and running in marathons are two activities that appeal to many college students. Single topic Clubbing appeals to many college students. 18

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc A Complete Declarative Sentence Topic –Study abroad Question –Should students study abroad? Central idea –Study abroad provides advantages for students. 19

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Direct, Specific Language Vague –Crop circles are not what they seem to be. Specific –Although they have been attributed to alien forces, speculation about crop circles is a clever hoax. 20

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Generating Main Ideas Does the idea have logical divisions? Is the central idea true? Can you support the idea with –A series of steps –A chronological sequence 21

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Gathering Support Material Yourself Internet –Directory –Search engine Vertical search engine Boolean search 22

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Web Accountability 23.com or.netCommercial sites.orgNonprofit sites.eduEducational institutions.govGovernment agencies.milMilitary groups

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question Dallin is planning to use information about population growth in the United States in his speech. From which top level domain should he gather his information if he uses the internet? A..com B..org C..gov D..mil 24

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer Dallin is planning to use information about population growth in the United States in his speech. From which top level domain should he gather his information if he uses the internet? A..com B..org C..gov D..mil 25

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Web Accuracy Accuracy –Hyperlink Objectivity Date Usability Sensitivity to diversity 26

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc The Library Books –Library of Congress Classification System Periodicals –Periodical data bases –Full-text databases 27

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc The Library Newspapers –Newspaper index or database Reference resources Government documents 28

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc The Library Government documents –Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications Interlibrary loan Reciprocal borrowing privileges 29

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Entry from an Electronic Card Catalog 30

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Supporting Your Speech Illustrations Ensure relevance Choose typical examples Make vivid and specific Use identifiable examples Personal most effective 31

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Supporting Your Speech Descriptions and Explanations Avoid too many Be clear and concise Use concrete language 32 Concrete Abstract

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Supporting Your Speech Definitions Use only when needed Make them understandable Be accurate 33

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Supporting Your Speech Analogies Literal analogies must be similar Clarify similarities in figurative analogies 34

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Supporting Your Speech Statistics Round off large numbers Use visual aids Cite your sources 35

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Supporting Your Speech Opinions Verify expert source Identify sources Cite unbiased sources Cite dissenting views Quote accurately Use literary quotes sparingly 36