Atoms, Elements, and Compounds- Chapter 6 Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds- Chapter 6 Atoms __________are the building blocks of matter. Neutrons and protons are located at the _____________of the atom. __________are positively charged particles. __________are particles that have no charge. ________are negatively charged particles that are located outside the nucleus.

There are over ______known elements, _______of which occur naturally. Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Elements An ________is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. There are over ______known elements, _______of which occur naturally.

________________Isotopes Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds ________Atoms of the same element, having the same number of protons & electrons but have a different number of _____________ ________________Isotopes When a nucleus breaks apart, it gives off __________that can be detected and used for many applications. Healthy person Alzheimer’s patient

Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Compounds A _________substance formed when two or more different elements combine in a specific _____________. Compounds cannot be broken down into simpler compounds or elements by ____________means.

_______________bonds Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Chemical Bonds _______________bonds Chemical bond that forms when ______________________ A ____________is a compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds.

Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Ionic Bonds Attraction between _________oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms. One element gives up an electron to the other. Reactants and Products A _____________is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into ________________substances.

Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations Chemical formulas describe the substances in the reaction and arrows indicate the process of change. ______________are the starting substances, on the left side of the arrow. ______________are the substances formed during the reaction, on the right side of the arrow.

Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water. Let’draw Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water. Let’draw The law of conservation of mass states matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions Energy of Reactions Let’s draw The _____________ is the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.

This reaction is exothermic and _________________. Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions This reaction is exothermic and _________________. Let’s draw The energy of the product is ____________ of the reactants.

This reaction is endothermic and _______________. Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions This reaction is endothermic and _______________. Let’s draw The energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants.

It does not increase how much product is made and it does not get used Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions Enzymes A ________is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. It does not increase how much product is made and it does not get used up in the reaction. _____________are biological catalysts.

Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions The reactants that bind to the enzyme are called _____________________. The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the _________________. Let’s draw

Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions The active site changes shape and forms the ___________________ complex, which helps chemical bonds in the reactants to be broken and new bonds to form. Factors such as ________, temperature, and other substances affect enzyme activity.

__________________Polarity Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions __________________Polarity Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges are called __________molecules. Polarity is the property of having ______opposite poles. A _______________is a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and another element. Let’s draw.

________________________Mixtures Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions ________________________Mixtures A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout A _______________is a substance in which another substance is dissolved. A ___________is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent.

__________________Mixtures Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions __________________Mixtures In a heterogeneous mixture, the components remain ____________. Let’s draw.

Water and Solutions Acids and Bases Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions Acids and Bases Substances that release ________________(H+) when dissolved in water are called ________. Substances that release ________________(OH–) when dissolved in water are called _________. Let’s draw

The measure of concentration of ______in a solution is called ______. Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions pH and Buffers The measure of concentration of ______in a solution is called ______. Let’s draw Acidic solutions have pH values ______than _____. Basic solutions have pH values _______than ____.

Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions ____________are mixtures that can react with _________or _______to keep the pH within a particular range. Let’s draw

Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life Organic Chemistry Let’s draw The element __________ is a component of almost all biological molecules.

The Building Blocks of Life Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life Carbon has _______electrons in its outermost energy level. One carbon atom can form ___________covalent bonds with other atoms. Carbon compounds can be in the shape of straight chains, ____________chains, and ___________.

_________________________ Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life _________________________ Carbon atoms can be joined to form carbon molecules. ______________are large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together. ______________ are molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds linked together by a series of ______________________bonds.

Making and Breaking Polymers _______________ reaction – a reaction that removes a molecule of _______in order to build a polymer. ______________ – (essentially the reverse of dehydration reaction) the bond between two monomers is broken by the addition of a _____________molecule.

Let’s draw Dehydration and Hydrolysis

____________________ Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life ____________________ Compounds composed of _______, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom—(________)n Let’s draw

Two monosaccharides joined together form a _______________________. Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life Two monosaccharides joined together form a _______________________. Longer carbohydrate molecules are called _________________________.

_____________________ Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life _____________________ Molecules made mostly of _____and hydrogen A ________________is a fat if it is _______ at room temperature and an oil if it is _______________at room temperature. Let’s draw

Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life Lipids that are saturated fats - have only single _______ ______ between the carbon atoms. Lipids that are unsaturated - have at least one ____________ bond between carbon. Fats with more than one double bond in the tail are called ____________fats.

Saturated vs. unsaturated Let’s draw

__________________ Monomer – amino acid Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life __________________ Monomer – amino acid __________________are small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

The Building Blocks of Life Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life Let’s draw

When two amino acids are bonded together through dehydration reaction, a _____________ bond is formed.

The Building Blocks of Life - Proteins Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life - Proteins _____________– The number and the order in which the amino acids are joined. ________________- Bonding interaction with other polypeptides.

The Building Blocks of Life - Proteins _____________– The overall 3 dimensional shape of a polypeptide. __________________- Bonding interaction with other polypeptides

The Building Blocks of Life – Nucleic Acids Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life – Nucleic Acids _______________are complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information. Nucleotides – the monomer that builds Nucleic acids. Let’s draw