Biology What are the characteristics of living things?

BIOLOGY =__________________ = ________________ The science of “LIFE” Study of living things Bacteria

It’s Alive!

Characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS ______________________________ _____________________________ Made of cells. Reproduce Based on universal genetic code Grow and develop Obtain and use materials & energy Respond to their environment Maintain a stable internal environment As a group, change over time

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells The _____ is the ______________. basic unit of life http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/study_guides_bi.htm

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells UNICELLULAR ____________organisms are _____________ made of only 1 cell bacteria (Ex: _________) Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/bacsiz.GIF

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells _________________ organisms _______ as _________ but as adults are _________________________ Ex: (___________ __________ ) MULTICELLULAR BEGIN ONE CELL MADE OF MANY CELLS a human a tree Images from: http://www.angelbabygifts.com/ http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ________________________ _____________the ___________________ from _____________ ________________ Seen in animals and plants combines genetic material 2 parents sperm + egg = baby Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp

ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION _________________________ makes a new organism using the ________________ from _________________ Seen in bacteria, plants, and some animals genetic material ONLY 1 PARENT Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm

All living things share a universal genetic code Hereditary material = DNA ______________________ DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID Segment of DNA ________________ with instructions for one _________ is called a ________. PROTEIN GENE Image from: http://sbchem.sunysb.edu/msl/dna.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop Image by Riedell In _____________ organisms, like a bacterium, growth is mostly a simple ________________. SINGLE CELLED INCREASE in SIZE

ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop Image by Riedell Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG Multicellular organisms grow bigger by __________________ AND _____________________. increasing cell size increasing cell number

Metabolism & Energy Use

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS… but many _______________ of cells with _____________________ DIFFERENT KINDS DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg

PROCESS OF CHANGING The ________________ EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS into different looking ADULT cells doing different jobs = __________________________ DIFFERENTIATION Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg

All cells have the SAME DNA... _________________________ what makes them ___________ is _______________ are _______________________ different WHICH GENES TURNED ON or OFF See end of show for image sources

It’s like having a whole library full of books, but reading only the books that are important to you. http://school.discovery.com/clipart/clip/report2.html http://www.adc.state.az.us/programs/offlibsvs.html

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy grow and develop To________________,organisms _______ a constant supply of ____________________ & ____________ need BUILDING MATERIALS ENERGY! This sheep uses the MOLECULES and ENERGY in the food it eats to make “more sheep” http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to ________________ AUTOTROPHS make their own food Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html GREEN PLANTS Ex: _____________ use ____________to turn _________ into _________ photosynthesis glucose sunlight http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy ______________ get their energy by ___________________ HETEROTROPHS consuming other organisms Animals Ex: ________ (including you) and _________________ most bacteria  Image from: http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

Vocab word chemical reactions metabolism the combination of all the _________________ through which an organism ________ or ___________ materials as it carries out its life processes = ___________________ chemical reactions builds up breaks down metabolism

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment A signal to which an organism responds = ___________________ STIMULUS  Image from: http://www.travel-net.com/~andrews/images/animations/traffic.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment  Image from: http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/stimresp.jpg A stimulus can be _________________ EXTERNAL Ex: When there is enough water and ground is warm enough, seed germinates. Roots respond to gravity & grow downward. Leaves respond to sunlight & grow up. http://www.nofretete-page.de/gemischtNeu/TN_plant_grow_w.JPG

ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment   http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html A stimulus can be ____________ INTERNAL Ex: When the glucose level in your bloodstream becomes low, your body responds by making you feel hungry. http://www.israellycool.com/eat%20guy%20AFP.jpg

VOCAB WORD A cell works to keep conditions inside the cell constant = ______________________ IF temperature, water content, nutrients, acidity change too much . . . the cell will die. HOMEOSTASIS

HOMEOSTASIS involves internal __________ mechanisms FEEDBACK If body temp drops too low, “shivering” produces heat to warm you up. If temp is too hot, “sweating” cools you down. http://www.dreamstime.com/thumb_4/1099235658Q3A4x8.jpg http://www.clipartheaven.com/clipart/seasons_&_weather/overheating_2.gif

HOMEOSTASIS Drinking a BIG GULP increases the amount of water in your body http://www.me-go.net/rtw/images/biggulp.jpg Your next stop gets rid of the excess water. (OSMOREGULATION) http://pluck.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/restroom_blog.gif

ALL LIVING THINGS as a group, change over time EVOLUTION = ______________ Allows _______ of ________ in a ___________ survival species changing world http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=63386&rendTypeId=4

http://brookings.k12.sd.us/biology/intro.htm#WORKSHEETS/HANDOUTS

Life is Organized on Several Levels copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Levels Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells – life starts here Tissues Organs System Organism copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Levels Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale