1. Introduction to Biology
What are the characteristics of living things?

2. BIOLOGY =__________________ = ________________ The science of “LIFE”
Study of living things
Bacteria

3. It’s Alive!

4. Characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS
______________________________
_____________________________
Made of cells.
Reproduce
Based on universal genetic code
Grow and develop
Obtain and use materials & energy
Respond to their environment
Maintain a stable internal environment
As a group, change over time

5. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells
The _____ is the
______________.
basic unit of life

6. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells
UNICELLULAR
____________organisms are _____________
made of only 1 cell
bacteria
(Ex: _________)
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7. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells
_________________ organisms _______ as _________ but as adults are
_________________________
Ex: (___________
__________ )
MULTICELLULAR
BEGIN
ONE CELL
MADE OF MANY CELLS
a human
a tree
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8. ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
________________________
_____________the
___________________
from _____________
________________
Seen in animals and plants
combines
genetic material
2 parents
sperm + egg = baby
Family image from:

9. ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
_________________________
makes a new organism
using the
________________
from
_________________
Seen in bacteria, plants, and some animals
genetic material
ONLY 1 PARENT
Planaria animation:

10. All living things share a universal genetic code
Hereditary material = DNA
______________________
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
Segment of DNA
________________ with instructions for one _________
is called a ________.
PROTEIN
GENE
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11. ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop
Image by Riedell
In _____________ organisms, like a bacterium, growth is mostly a simple ________________.
SINGLE CELLED
INCREASE in SIZE

12. ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop
Image by Riedell
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Multicellular organisms grow bigger by __________________
AND _____________________.
increasing cell size
increasing cell number

13. Metabolism & Energy Use

14. MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS… but many _______________ of cells with _____________________
DIFFERENT KINDS
DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS
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15. PROCESS OF CHANGING
The ________________ EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS into different looking ADULT cells doing different jobs =
__________________________
DIFFERENTIATION
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16. All cells in an organism have the SAME DNA...
_________________________
what makes them ___________ is
_______________ are _______________________
different
WHICH GENES
TURNED ON or OFF
See end of show for image sources

17. It’s like having a whole library full of books, but reading only the books that are important to you.

18. ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy
grow and develop
To________________,organisms _______ a constant supply of
____________________ &
____________
need
BUILDING MATERIALS
ENERGY!
This sheep uses the
MOLECULES and ENERGY
in the food it eats to
make “more sheep”

19. ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy
___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to ________________
AUTOTROPHS
make their own food
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GREEN PLANTS
Ex: _____________ use ____________to turn
_________ into _________
photosynthesis
glucose
sunlight

20. ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy
______________
get their energy by
___________________
HETEROTROPHS
consuming other organisms
Animals
Ex: ________ (including you) and _________________
most bacteria
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21. Vocab word chemical reactions metabolism
the combination of all the _________________ through which an organism ________ or ___________ materials as it carries out its life processes
= ___________________
chemical reactions
builds up
breaks down
metabolism

22. ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment
A signal to which an organism responds
= ___________________
STIMULUS
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23. ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment
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A stimulus can be
_________________
EXTERNAL
Ex: When there is enough water
and ground is warm enough,
seed germinates. Roots respond to
gravity & grow downward. Leaves respond to sunlight & grow up.

24. ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment
A stimulus can be
____________
INTERNAL
Ex: When the glucose level in your bloodstream becomes low, your body responds by making you feel hungry.

25. VOCAB WORD
A cell works to keep conditions inside the cell constant = ______________________
IF temperature, water content, nutrients, acidity change too much
. . . the cell will die.
HOMEOSTASIS

26. HOMEOSTASIS involves internal __________ mechanisms FEEDBACK
If body temp drops too low,
“shivering” produces
heat to warm you up.
If temp is too hot, “sweating” cools you down.

27. HOMEOSTASIS Drinking a BIG GULP increases the amount
of water in your body
Your next stop gets rid of the excess water.
(OSMOREGULATION)

28. ALL LIVING THINGS as a group, change over time
EVOLUTION
= ______________
Allows _______ of ________ in a ___________
survival
species
changing world