Cells are the basic unit of all living things…if it is alive it has cells
Prokaryotes No Nucleus No membrane-covered organelles Circular DNA Bacteria Eukaryotes Nucleus Membrane-covered organelles Linear DNA All other Cells
cytoplasm: inner liquid filling capsule: slimy outer coating cell wall: tougher middle layer cell membrane: delicate inner skin DNA in one big loop ribosomes: for building proteins
Cell Differentaition There are only 2 classes of cells (plant/animal), but there are many kinds of cells in each class. Each kind of cell has a DIFFERENT job to do…it specializes.
The cell membrane holds the cell together and allows nutrients in the cell It’s just like a turtle’s skin The cell membrane is on the edge of a cell
Cytoplasm is the watery gel inside a cell. It holds the organelles Cytoplasm is like the turtles blood and other liquids
Mitochondria is an ORGANelle that releases energy from food Mitochondria is like a turtle’s stomach
The nucleus controls the cell The nucleus is like the turtle’s brain Contains the DNA in Eukaryotic Cells
Chromosomes are inside the nucleus and are made of genes (DNA) Genes decide the cells traits and activities (heart cell, eye cell (color))
Processes and transports materials out of the cell
Where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins
Makes lipids Breaks down drugs and other substances Packages up proteins for release from the cell Ribosome are attached to it
Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders
Vacuoles are spaces in the cytoplasm (gel) where food and chemicals are stored It’s like “fat” on a turtle
Cell Walls are only in plant cells They make the cell strong and rigid They are like a turtle’s shell (but only plants have them…that’s why grass stands straight up!)
Chloroplasts are only in plant cells They contain chlorophyll, which helps make energy/food from sunlight Chlorophyll is green in color…so any plant that is green has chloroplasts