 One of the four types of tissue in the body  Elongated cells  Specialized for contraction  Three types of muscle tissue: 1. Skeletal muscle 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Smooth muscle

1. Produce movement of the skeleton 2. Maintaining Posture and body position 3. Support soft tissues 4. Guard entrances and exits 5. Maintain body temperature by generating heat

 Positions the head and spinal column  Moves the rib cage  Does not play a role in movement or support of the pectoral girdle

 Stabilizes or moves components of the appendicular skeleton

 Flexion  Extension  Abduction  Adduction  Circumduction

 Lateral rotation  Medial rotation  Pronation  Supination

 Inversion/Eversion  Dorsiflexion  Plantar flexion  Opposition /reposition  Protraction/retraction  Elevation /depression  Lateral and medial excursion

1. Origin = muscle attachment that remains fixed 2. Insertion = muscle attachment that moves 3. Primary mover = what joint movement a muscle produces When a skeletal muscle contracts, its insertion moves toward its origin

4. Agonist = primary mover  Main muscle in an action 5. Synergist  Helper muscle in action 6. Antagonist  Oppose or reverse a movement  When agonists are in action, antagonists are relaxed 7. Fixator  Stabilize the origin of a primary mover  Postural muscles are fixators

 Deltoid  Orbicularis  Pectinate  Piriformis  Platy  Pyramidal  Rhomboid  Serratus  Splenius  Teres  Triangular  Circular  Comblike  Pear Shaped  Flat  Pyramid  Rhomboid  Serrated  Bandage  Long and round

 Trapezius  Pennate  Digastric  Fusiform  Trapezoid  Feather-like  Two-bellied  Spindle

 Brevis  Gracilis  Lata  Latissimus  Longus  Longissimus  Short  Slender  Wide  Widest  Long  Longest

 Magnus  Major  Minimus  Minor  Vastus  Tendinosus  Large  Larger  Smallest  Small  Great  Tendinous

 Some muscles are named for the bone with which they are associated  Ex: temporalis overlays the temporal bone

 Biceps = two origins  Tripceps = three origins  Quadriceps = 4 origins

 Ex: sternocleidomastoid muscle has its origin on the sternum (sterno) and clicel (cleido) and inserts on the mastoid process of the remporal bone

 Flexor, extensor, adductor  Ex: extensor muscles of the wrist extend the wrist.

 Rectus = straight; fibers run parallel to an imaginary line, usually midline  Ex: rectus femoris = straight muscle of the thigh  Oblique = muscle fibers run at a slant to an imaginary line

 Alba = White

 Flexion = movement which decreases the angle of the joint; brings two bones closer together  Extension = movement which increases the angle of the joint or the distance between two bones  Hyperextension = extension greater than 180 o Common movement of a hinge joint

 Rotation = movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

 Abduction = moving away from midline  Adduction = moving toward midline

 Circumduction = combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction  Proximal end of the joint is stationary  Distal end moves in a circle

 Dorsiflexion = lifting the foot at the ankle towards the shin  Standing on your heels  Plantar flexion = depressing the foot  Pointing your toes

 Special movements of the foot  Inversion = turning the sole of the foot medially  Eversion = turning the sole of the foot laterally

Refer to movements of the radius around the ulna  Supination = turning backward  Palm facing backward; radius and ulna cross  Pronation = turning forward  Palm facing forward; radius and ulna are parallel

 Specifically of the thumb  Ability to touch your thumb to your fingertip

 Protraction: moving a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane  Ex: grasp you upper lip with your lower teeth  Retraction: moving a body part posteriorly in the horizontal plane