USGS Report U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Kristi Kline USGS EROS Center

Launched on April 15, 1999 – Delta II from Vandenberg Management Team NASA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (initial participant) Department of the Interior (DOI) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Spacecraft bus: Lockheed Martin Missiles & Space Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+): Hughes Santa Barbara Remote Sensing Sensors Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) Eight spectral bands, including a pan and thermal band Landsat 7

On-board data recorder. Changed how and when we could acquire data. We were no longer dependent on foreign ground stations. Implemented data format control that standardized the format of data at all stations. Long-Term Acquisition Plan (LTAP) Provided a more complete global record than previous Landsats. Landsat 7 was the first mission to use cloud avoidance with the data collection process. Image Assessment System Resulted in the most consistent and understood Landsat record possible. This allowed Landsat 7 to be the anchor point for calibrating the entire Landsat 1-7 record. Landsat 7 – Best Known for:

Improvements in technology on-board the spacecraft Improvements in the ground systems Improved data accuracy and quicker data access. Introduction of the Pan Band. Unfortunately, this band did not meet expectations. Scan-line corrector problem. Many believed that the mission was over and a failure. Landsat 7 is far from being obsolete. Landsat 7 – Best Known for:

After 15 years, Landsat 7 has collected more imagery than any other Landsat mission Today, Landsat 7 is collecting more images per day (~440) than it has during any previous period in it's 15 year life The longevity of Landsat 7 ensured that the Landsat record remained unbroken during the period of Landsat 5's end and Landsat 8's beginning. Even with the SLC-off issue, Landsat 7 is still contributing to science and applications. Landsat 7 – 15 Years Later

Landsat 8 Launched Feb. 11, 2013 One of the first complete views of the United States from Landsat 8. Image Credit: NASA/David Roy Landsat 8 Operational May 30, 2013

More image data - collecting approximately 550 new scenes per dayMore image data - collecting approximately 550 new scenes per day New images are available to users in less than 8 hours after acquisition Restored 8 day revisit cycle lost when Landsat 5 was decommissioned Better image data – improves surface characterizationBetter image data – improves surface characterization 8-10x improvement in signal to noise ratios 12 bit quantization permits improved measurement of subtle surface conditions and assessment of bright targets Improved pixel geo-location ~ 12m New measurements – enabling new applicationsNew measurements – enabling new applications Coastal blue band (0.433–0.453 μm) Cirrus band (1.360–1.390 μm) Additional thermal band Landsat 8 Capabilities: More, Better, New Data

More Data: Managing Landsat 7 and 8 as a Constellation Landsat 8 is being used to extend the capabilities-and lifespan-of the Landsat 7. Landsat 7 recently went to a continental landmass acquisition strategy. Capturing images of islands has shifted to Landsat 8 The change helps to conserve the resources of Landsat 7 Result – more data being acquired by both satellites. Landsat 7’s output has increased from 375 to 450 scenes per day while at the same time prolonging the life of the ETM+. Landsat 8 is also collecting more than its anticipated 400 scenes per day – currently scheduling 550 images per day scenes per day going to the Archive (34 million KM 2 )

Better image data: Improved surface characterization Landsat 8’s 12-bit quantization eliminates bright target saturation

Landsat 8 performance is sufficient to measure chlorophyll, colored dissolved organic material, and suspended materials in near shore areas. New Data: Coast aerosol band and improved radiometry benefits water quality studies John Schott

New Data: New Data: Landsat 8’s cirrus band improves cloud detection Thermal Cirrus ThermalCirrus Zhe Zhu

Recent L7/L8 Acquisitions 12

U.S. Landsat Archive Overview (February 3, 2014) OLI-TIRS: Landsat 8 164,696 scenes ETM+: Landsat 7 1,696,928 scenes TM: Landsat 4 & Landsat 5 1,928,611 scenes MSS: Landsat 1 through 5 1,291,694 scenes Total: 5,081,929 scenes 13

EROS Consolidated Report on Data Managed All Projects with Detail – Monthly/Cumulative

EROS Consolidated Report on Data Distributed All Projects with Detail – Monthly/Cumulative

International Cooperators International Cooperator (IC) Ground Stations In 41 years, 39 IC stations in 23 countries Most still collect and/or distribute Landsat products, reducing the load on U.S. systems More than 215,000 products distributed in 2012 Represents a nearly 10% off-loading of network bandwidth Enhanced regional exploitation of Landsat data 34 Countries 40 Organizations 50 Ground Stations

Landsat Global Archive Consolidation (LGAC) Over 1.8 Million scenes collected so far Critical goal of data preservation Especially oldest MSS data on aging media Data format and processing method knowledge Received all data from Australia, Canada, Ecuador, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan Several stations in work Landsat 5 TM image transcribed from CCRS D-1 tape – available in archive

Web Enabled Landsat Data (WELD)

Web Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) – Autumn 2012

LandsatLook Viewer

Network Discussion The USGS EROS OC48 – Gigabit/second ties into Starlight opening opportunities for high speed connections to other networks

Network Discussion Opportunities to connect high speed connections to the Pacific Wave International Links

Network Discussion