1. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Landsat Status and Plans February, 2008 Lyndon R. Oleson U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Sioux Falls, SD

2. 2 Status of Landsat

3. 3 Landsat 5 Status Landsat 5 imaging was suspended on October 6, 2007 due to a loss of a cell within one of two batteries. The Landsat Flight Operations Team has been characterizing and testing a new battery configuration and developing and testing a new operations strategy and plan. The Team successfully tested imaging with the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper instrument on January 10, 2008 during a pass over Brazil and Argentina. New operations plans have been completed and tested and “normal” operations are expected by the end of the week of February 25.

4. 4 Landsat 7 Status Landsat 7 operations were nominal and the Flight Operations Team continues to monitor the health, safety, and performance of the spacecraft on a real- time, daily, mid-term and long term basis. However, the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper instrument continues to operate without the scan-line corrector (SLC) which reduces its suitability for certain applications.

5. 5 L7 SLC-off Gap-Fill Gap-Fill TypeLandscape Pattern Same-Day Radiometry Interpolation SLC-off & SLC-on SLC-off & SLC-off Segment-based

6. 6 Sumatra Lat: 5 06 45.70 Long: 95 20 38.38 12 June 2001, L729 December 2004, L7 FilledSLC-off

7. 7 Closeup of Gap-Fill Adapted from Maxwell et al., in print.

8. 8 Landsat Data Continuity Mission LDCM Goal: The LDCM will continue the acquisition, archival, and distribution of multi-spectral imagery affording global, synoptic, and repetitive coverage of the Earth's land surfaces at a scale where natural and human-induced changes can be detected, differentiated, characterized, and monitored over time.

9. 9 Importance of Landsat Data Continuity The success of LDCM depends on the complete integration of LDCM data with past, present, and future Landsat and other remotely sensed data for the purpose of observing and monitoring global environmental systems. Continuity elements include:  Spectral Consistent and comparable spectral characteristics Rigorous calibration / cross-calibration  Spatial Consistent and comparable data geometry including resolution and WRS-2 Aggressive global acquisition strategy  Temporal Minimum of 16 day repeat cycle Ongoing acquisitions (no data gaps)

10. 10 LDCM is a NASA / USGS Partnership NASA will:  Acquire the space segment, mission operations systems, and launch services  Perform overall mission systems engineering and integration  Manage space segment early on-orbit evaluation phase - from launch to acceptance  After on-orbit acceptance, operations are transferred to the USGS

11. 11 NASA / USGS LDCM Responsibilities USGS will:  Acquire and operate the ground system including data networks, image collection scheduling, archive, processing, and distribution systems  Perform ground system integration and support mission integration  Operate and maintain the LDCM mission following on- orbit acceptance  Chair and fund the Landsat Science Team

12. 12 LDCM Procurement Status Instrument: Operational Land Imager (OLI) contract awarded to Ball Aerospace (Boulder, CO) summer 2007 Launch Vehicle: Contract awarded to Lockheed Launch Services for an Atlas V in fall 2007 Spacecraft: To be procured via NASA’s Rapid Spacecraft Development Office in mid-2008 Flight Operations System: RFP expected in first half of 2008 Ground System: RFP planned in 2008-2009 LDCM launch planned for July 2011  Followed by 90 day on-orbit checkout and acceptance

13. 13 Major LDCM Mission Requirements 5 year mission design life with 10 years of consumables Support seasonal, global, image data collection (Similar to Landsat 7) World Reference System (WRS) - 2, mid-morning equatorial crossing, 16 day repeat 30 m GSD for VIS/NIR/SWIR, 15m GSD for PAN 9 spectral bands Instrument data will be quantized in 12-bits Collect, ingest, and archive at least 400 global WRS-2 scenes/day for U.S. archive

14. 14 Major LDCM Mission Requirements Provide “standard”, orthorectified data products within 24 hours of observation – within quality and cloud cover assessments  Products available via the web at no cost Calibrate data consistently with previous Landsat missions Continue International Cooperator (IC) downlinks Support priority imaging and a limited off-nadir collection capability

15. 15 Operational Land Imager Spectral Bands Operational Land Imager (OLI) LDCM Wavelength (micrometer) Resolution (meters) Band 8 (pan).500-.68015 Band 1.433-.45330 Band 2.450-.51530 Band 3.525-.60030 Band 4.630-.68030 Band 5.845-.88530 Band 91.360-1.39030 Band 61.560-1.66030 Band 72.100-2.30030 Band 10*10.3 - 11.3120 Band 11*11.5 - 12.5120 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) Landsat 7 Wavelength (micrometer) Resolution (meters) Band 8.52-.9015 Band 10.45-0.5230 Band 20.53-0.6130 Band 30.63-0.6930 Band 40.78-0.9030 Band 51.55-1.7530 Band 72.09-2.3530 Band 610.40-12.5060 *Contingent upon requirement trades between program elements, technical elements, and mission risk as part of the LDCM procurement. OLI does not include thermal imaging capabilities

16. 16 LDCM Standard Product Specifications (L1T) Product type:L1T (orthorectified, terrain-corrected) Pixel size:15/30 meter Output format:GeoTIFF Map projection:UTM (considering polar stereographic projection for Antarctica) Orientation:North up Resampling:Cubic convolution Media type:No-cost download (web-enabled) with no electronic media options

17. 17 Landsat Science Team Co-chaired by the USGS Landsat Science Lead, Tom Loveland, and the NASA LDCM Project Scientist, Jim Irons USGS selected 18 science team members in October 2006 9 PI’s from academia and private industry 6 federal PI’s 3 international PI’s Curtis Woodcock, Boston U., selected as Team Leader

18. 18 PIOrganizationProposal Title Curtis WoodcockBoston UniversityGlobal land cover change monitoring Sam Goward (Darrel Williams) University of Maryland/NASAAcquisition strategies John Schott Rochester Institute of TechnologyWater resources monitoring Dennis Helder South Dakota State UniversityRadiometric calibration Lazaros Oraiopoulos University of Maryland Baltimore CountyCloud detection and avoidance Richard AllenUniversity of IdahoEvapotranspiration monitoring Eric VermoteUniversity of MarylandSurface reflectance Randy WynneVirginia TechCommercial forestry applications Feng Gao Earth Resources TechnologyMSS-ETM+ consistency Landsat Science Team Members

19. 19 PIOrganizationProposal Title Michael WulderCanadian Forest ServiceForestry, land cover change Eileen HelmerU.S. Forest ServiceTropical ecosystems monitoring Martha Anderson USDA Agricultural Research ServiceDrought monitoring Alan BelwardEC Joint Research CenterNatural resources management Warren CohenU.S. Forest ServiceForestry, vegetation assessment Robert BindschadlerNASA GoddardSnow and ice monitoring Prasad Thenkabail International Water Management InstituteGlobal irrigation monitoring Rama NemaniNASA AmesBiophysical Characterization Jim VogelmannSAIC/EROSForest and rangeland monitoring Landsat Science Team Members (cont.)

20. 20 Landsat Data Continuity Mission More information: http://ldcm.usgs.gov http://ldcm.nasa.gov

21. 21 Looking to LDCM: Standard L1T Scope requirements via Pilot  Landsat infrastructure  Bandwidth requirements  Right recipe? Pilot Dataset  US only – includes Alaska, Hawaii, & territories  L7 ETM+ SLC-off only – 2003 to present (and ongoing)  < 10% cloud cover, 9 quality Processed product (unlike other archive holdings) Available via FTP on 4 June 2007

22. 22 Parameters of Standard L1T Parameters chosen by:  Current ordering statistics  Vetted through Landsat Scientists Pixel size:14.25m/28.5m/28.5m Media type:Download (no charge), CD/DVD ($50) Product type:L1T (terrain-corrected) Output format:GeoTIFF Map projection:UTM Orientation:North up Resampling:Cubic convolution

23. 23 Future of Land Imaging in U.S. The White House has initiated a year-long study called The Future of Land Imaging  To explore options for United States operational use of satellites to better serve society.  The USGS, along with NASA, NOAA and other agencies, serves on the leadership team of this Federal interagency working group. In August, 2007, the Bush Administration released a plan for a U.S. National Land Imaging Program  to achieve a stable and sustainable U.S. operational space- based, moderate-resolution land imaging capability  designates the Department of the Interior (w/ USGS) as the host of the program For more information visit http://www.landimaging.gov http://www.landimaging.gov