CHAPTER 16 Reconstruction Abandoned, Web

From Johnson to Grant From Johnson to Grant Johnson impeded Radical Reconstructionists Passed Tenure of Office Act Johnson impeached in 1868 Senate did not have votes, Johnson acquitted Secretary of State William Seward negotiates purchase of Alaska from Russia In 1869, Congress passed the 15 th Amendment Gave men the right to vote Added to Constitution in 1870

The Grant Era Grant Elected in 1968 Deferred to Congress, gave his cabinet wide discretion Gold Scandal of 1869 Divisions in Congress cause Grant problems Greenbacks Republican party also divided Ku Klux Klan actions lead to federal action Klan act of 1871 Transcontinental Railroad completed (1869) Munn v. Illinois

Grant Era (cont.’d) Grant pursued a “peace policy” with Indians Board of Indian Commissioners Systematic destruction of the buffalo led to collapse of Plains Indians Gold discovered in Black Hills Indians faced cruelty and exploitation Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull Custer’s Last Stand

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Women in the 1870s Woman’s suffrage issue of 1870s Susan B. Anthony Victoria Claflin Woodhull Elizabeth Cady Stanton Voluntary associations emerge as women step up efforts for reform Temperance movement Women enter workforce in greater numbers but are relegated to a few professions

Grant and the 1872 Election Grant re-elected in 1872 Liberal Republicans Horace Greeley Greeley died after election Administration plagued by scandals Crédit Mobilier Whiskey Ring W.W. Belknap Gilded Age

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The Panic of 1873 and Its Consequences Northern Pacific Railroad Unemployment leads to labor unrest Molly Maguires Grange becomes main organization for farmers Congress railroad regulatory legislation in Grant refuses to heed those calling for currency expansion despite economic crisis

Failure of Reconstruction After Panic of 1873, conditions worsened for black Americans in the South The Nation Failure of Freedman’s Trust and Savings Company First blacks elected to Higher office P.B.S. Pinchback Hiram Revels “Redeemed” South voted in more Democrats 1876 Centennial International exhibition Alexander Graham Bell

The Centennial Year Grant administration scandals cause trouble for Republican party Rutherford B. Hayes Disputed election of 1876 Electoral Commission Hayes gains a disputed White House Political deal brings end to Reconstruction

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Discussion Questions Evaluate the Grant Administration. Was it a successful or failed presidency? Did reconstruction succeed of fail in the South? What methods did whites use to stay in power? What was the grange movement? Was is indicative of greater economic and social problems in America? What was unusual about the Election of 1876? Was it a legitimate election? What were the results for the nation?