1. U.S. HISTORY CHAPTER 12-3 THE COLLAPSE OF RECONSTRUCTION

2. OPPOSITION TO RECONSTRUCTION   In 1866, the Ku Klux Klan was formed   It was originally a social club for Confederate veterans   As it spread throughout the South, however, it goal became to restore white supremacy

3. OPPOSITION TO RECONSTRUCTION   They used violence to keep African Americans from voting   From 1868-71, the Klan killed thousands of men, women and children, most of whom were black   The Klan also killed whites who helped African Americans in anyway

4. OPPOSITION TO RECONSTRUCTION   The terror tactics kept blacks from voting   By 1876, white Democrats took power 8 southern states   These Democrats were known as “Redeemers”   Redeemers were those who brought back southern power

5. OPPOSITION TO RECONSTRUCTION   To stem the violence, Congress passed a series of Enforcement Acts in 1870 & 71   They provided for federal supervision of elections in Southern states   Congress also passed the Amnesty Act in 1872   This returned the right to vote and hold federal offices to Confederates barred in the 14 th Amendment   This undercut Republican governments in the South, as these Confederates almost all voted Democratic

6. THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION  President Grant’s Administration was very corrupt  Grant could not distinguish honest people  Many of his family, staff & cabinet peddled their influence with the President in return for cash  One such scandal was the Credit Mobilier Scandal

7. THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION  The Union Pacific Railroad formed its own construction company  It was called Credit Mobilier  The railroad officers used Credit Mobilier to overcharge on government contracts

8. THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION  They reaped huge sums in personal profits  To prevent investigation, the company gave stock to those who could protect them  These included members of Congress and Grant’s Vice President

9. THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION  In 1875, the Whiskey Ring was exposed  Internal-revenue collectors accepted bribes from whiskey distillers  These distillers wanted to avoid paying taxes  The ring defrauded the government of millions of dollars

10. THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION  Of the 238 persons indicted in the scandal, one was Grant’s private secretary General Orville E. Babcock  Grant could not accept his secretary was guilt and helped him avoid conviction  In 1876, the Secretary of War William W. Belknap was impeached by the House  He had accepted bribes from merchants who wanted to keep trade concessions in Indian Territory  The Grant Scandals hurt the Republican party

11. THE SUPREME COURT  The Supreme Court also set back reconstruction  The Slaughterhouse cases decided most civil rights were protected by the state, rather than the federal government  U.S. v. Cruickshank ruled the federal government had no power to punish whites who oppressed blacks  In U.S. v. Reese, the court ruled the 15 th Amendment only limited the type of discrimination states could not use

12. THE SUPREME COURT  All of these cases limited the 14 th and 15 th Amendment rights  The Grant Scandals, Supreme Court set backs and Southern resistance caused Northerners to retreat from Reconstruction

14. THE COMPROMISE OF 1877   The 1876 Election was between Democrat Samuel Tilden & Republican Rutherford B. Hayes   Tilden won popular vote, but was 1 vote short in electoral college   There were accusations of voter fraud

15. THE COMPROMISE OF 1877   An electoral commission was formed to decide the election   The commission decided on party lines and Hayes won

16. THE COMPROMISE OF 1877   To keep nation from violence, a compromise was reached   According to the compromise: 1) 1)Democrats accepted Hayes as President 2) 2)Republicans agreed to remove federal troops from the south

17. AFTER RECONSTRUCTION   The South became similar to what it was before Civil War   Whites returned to power   Segregation, separation of the races, became the way of life

18. AFTER RECONSTRUCTION   The South passed “Jim Crow” laws   These laws legally segregated blacks from whites   The 14th and 15th amendments were just ignored