1. Binding Up the Nation’s Wounds
Bennett Chapter 11
Binding Up the Nation’s Wounds

2. Election of 1866
Congressional gains made the Republican majority veto proof
Congress could do whatever they wanted
Civil Rights Act of 1866
14th Amendment
Military Reconstruction Act
Impeachment
15th Amendment

3. Impeachment of Johnson
Congress passed the Command of the Army Act & the Tenure of Office Act
Army orders go through Grant’s office
Senate approved appointments required Senate approval for dismissals (Sec of War Stanton)
Passed to limit Johnson’s influence over the army

4. Johnson fires Stanton
House impeaches Johnson for violating the Tenure of Office Act
Senate acquitted Johnson by one vote

5. Republican Rule
1870 All had rejoined the Union under Congressional Reconstruction
Carpetbaggers – Northerners who came south as part of reconstruction
Scalawags – Southerners who worked with the Republicans and supported reconstruction
Usually former Whigs or small farmers

6. Political Opportunities
African Americans engaged in politics holding many different offices at all levels of government & serving as delegates to state conventions
14 U.S. Congressmen
Hiram Revels & Blanche Bruce – U.S. Senators

7. Southern Retaliation
Secret societies formed to combat Republican reconstruction– Ku Klux Klan
Federal government passed 3 Enforcement Acts
1- Fed crime to interfere in voting
2- Fed elections under jurisdiction of federal marshals
3- KKK Act – outlawed Klan activities
(arrests made/few convictions/even less jail time)

8. End of Reconstruction Election of 1876 Hayes v. Tilden
Both short on electoral votes ( )
20 disputed votes from the South
Commission awards them to Hayes
S. Democrats approve findings
Referred to as “Compromise of 1877”
S. Dem help Hayes become President
Hayes withdraws Federal troops

9. A “New South” Focus on industry & Revitalization of agriculture
Hired labor – paid to work
Tenant farmers – rented land
Sharecroppers – used the land for a share of their crops & received seed/supplies on credit from merchants
Crop liens – take crops to cover debt
Debt peonage – trapped/never enough to pay debt

10. Currency Inflation
Debtors, ranchers, and farmers were in favor of inflated currency
Banks were against it.
Why?

11. The Little Big Horn
1876 prospectors began moving into the Lakota Sioux land because of the discovery of gold in the Black Hills
The Lakota left the reservation for the hunting fields of Montana
Lt. Colonel Geo. Armstrong Custer was sent to force the Sioux back onto the reservation
Custer faced a combined force of Sioux & Cheyenne on June 25, 1876

17. The Little Big Horn Custer and 210 soldiers were killed
Only one survived the attack
Sitting Bull fled to Canada
Those who left behind were forced back to the reservation and they lost the Black Hills

18. 7th Cavalry Survivor
Comanche

19. Curly Custer’s Crow scout who survived the battle
He is the only man known to have escaped after the fighting began.
He covered himself with a
Blanket in order to get away.

20. Boss Tweed
Tammany Hall
Democrat political machine in New York City

21. Black Colleges
Fisk
Tuskegee
Atlanta
Howard

22. Thomas Nast
Elephants and Donkeys