Bacteria - Eubacteria Domain Prokarya

Multicellular Animals Shifting Kingdoms Lumpers Plantae Monera Bacteria-Eubacteria Splitters 2 3 5 6 8 Bacteria Archaebacteria Archezoans Euglenoids Chrysophytes Green Algae Brown Algae Red algae Slime Molds True Fungi Bryophytes Tracheophytes Protozoans Myxozoans Multicellular Animals

How Many Kingdoms? Extant 8 5 3 Extinct 2 Long Time with 1 Multicellular Animals Myxozoans Protozoans Tracheophytes Bryophytes True Fungi Slime Molds Red algae Brown Algae Green Algae Chrysophytes Euglenoids Archezoans Archaebacteria Bacteria 8 5 3 Extinct 2 1 Long Time with Prokaryotes only Original Cell

Bacteria - Eubacteria Ancient fossils 3.5 billion years b.p. Archetype for prokaryotic organisms Phototrophs Chemoautotrophs Heterotrophs Saprobes Parasites (bacteria benefit, host harmed) Commensals (bacteria benefit, host unharmed) Mutualists (bacteria and host both benefit) Unicellular, colonial, filamentous Bacillus, coccus, spirillum

Bacterial Phyla Extant Extinct Gram negative Gram positive Rhodopseudomonads Extant Mycoplasmas Actinomycetes Clostrids Spirochetes Green Sulfur Cyanobacteria Prochlorophytes Purple Sulfur Purple nonsulfur Desulfovibrios Myxobacteria Rikettsias +Para- site +Chl B -Cell Wall +Parasite H2S +µtubule H2O H2S +Chl A +gliding motility H2O +NAD +bacteriochlorophyll Gram negative +NADP Extinct Gram positive Original Cell

to Domains Archaea and Eukarya Domain Prokarya Kingdom Bacteria Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Gram Positive Cyanobacteria      to Domains Archaea and Eukarya Universal Ancestor

Domain Prokarya Kingdom Bacteria  Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs   symbionts, parasites Rhizobium-legumes: N2 fixation Agrobacterium-host: Recombinant DNA Rickettsias: Rocky Mountain Fever likely source of mitochondrion by endosymbiosis Universal Ancestor

Domain Prokarya Kingdom Bacteria  Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs    nutritionally diverse Nitrosomonas in soil: NH4+ NO2- ammonium nitrite Universal Ancestor

Domain Prokarya Kingdom Bacteria  Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs     Photosynthetic: Chromatium CO2 + H2S CH2O + S(solid) Heterotrophic: Legionella-Legionnaires’ disease Enterics: Escherichia coli in your intestine Salmonella food poisoning Vibrio cholerae cholera Universal Ancestor

Domain Prokarya Kingdom Bacteria  Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs      Myxobacteria: slime secretion, aggregation, spores Bdellovibrios: rapid locomotion 100m/sec penetrate prey bacteria 100 rps Universal Ancestor

Domain Prokarya Kingdom Bacteria  Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs       Helicobacter pylori: human stomach ulcers Universal Ancestor

Domain Prokarya Kingdom Bacteria Proteobacteria Chlamydias Gram-negative parasites inside animal cells Chlamydia trachomatis: blindness Non-gonococcal urethritis: common STD (most-common in USA!)      Universal Ancestor

Domain Prokarya Kingdom Bacteria Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes      Helical heterotrophs to 0.25 mm long but very thin! Rotational bacterial filament Free-living and pathogens: Treponema pallidum = syphilis Borrelia burgdorferi = Lyme disease Universal Ancestor

Gram Positive: very diverse Domain Prokarya Kingdom Bacteria Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Gram Positive: very diverse      Actinomycetes: branched chains tuberculosis, leprosy Soil: Streptomyces antibiotics Solitary: Bacillus, Clostridium anthrax, botulism Staphylococcus: clusters Streptococcus: chains “hospital diseases” Mycoplasmas 0.1m walking pneumonia Universal Ancestor

Domain Prokarya Kingdom Bacteria Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Gram Positive Cyanobacteria      likely source of chloroplast by endosymbiosis unicell, colony, filament photoautotrophs: CO2 + H2O O2 + CH2O heterocysts: N2 fixation N2 + H+ + ATP NH4+ Universal Ancestor