Spirometry
Respiration External respiration – Gas exchange between blood and alveoli Internal respiration – Gas exchange between blood and tissue cells
Pulmonary Ventilation Inspiration – Diaphragm and intercostals muscles contract resulting in increased volume and decreased pressure in the thoracic cavity; air rushes in
Pulmonary Ventilation Expiration – Diaphragm and intercostals muscles relax resulting in decreased volume and increased pressure in the thoracic cavity; air pushed out
Respiratory Volumes Tidal volume - normal amount of air inhales or exhaled Inspiratory reserve volume - amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal inhalation Expiratory reserve volume – amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal exhalation
Respiratory Volumes Vital capacity – maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation Residual volume – amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation
Factors altering normal function Diseases Disorders Pollutants in the environment Trauma